764 



UNITED STATES CENSUS. 



the number of artesian wells used for the pur- 

 pose of irrigation is computed at 3,930 ; average 

 depth per well, 210.41 feet ; average cost per 

 well, $245.58 ; total discharge of water per 

 minute, 440,719.71, or 54.43 gallons per well per 

 minute ; average area irrigated per well, 3.21 

 acres, and average cost of water per acre irri- 

 gated, $18.55. More than one-half of these wells 

 are in the State of California, where 38,378 acres 

 of agricultural lands are irrigated by artesian 

 water. 



Tobacco. A special census bulletin on 

 tobacco reports its production in 42 States and 

 Territories, the only non-producing States and 

 Territories being Idaho, Nevada, Rhode Island, 

 Wyoming. Oklahoma, and Utah. The entire 

 crops of the country in 1889 amounted to 488,- 

 255,896 pounds, the number of planters being 

 205,862, and the area devoted to tobacco culture, 

 exclusive of counties cultivating less than one 

 acre, 692.990 acres, or 1,082.80 sq. miles. The 

 area in cultivation, 1889, was unequally distrib- 

 uted, Kentucky having 39.62 per cent, of the 

 total acreage, producing 45.44 of the entire crop, 

 and the six States next in rank of production, 

 50.16 per cent, of the acreage, and 4'.',498 pounds 

 of the crop, while 20 States and Territories having 

 the smallest production had less than 900 acres 

 in tobacco, and yielded an aggregate of only 

 451,025 pounds, or less than one-tenth of 1 per 

 cent, of the entire crop. The average product 

 per acre of the entire country, 1889, was 705 

 pounds. The average area cultivated by each 

 planter was 3.17 acres, and the average product 

 of each plantation, 2,372 Ibs. The total value of 

 the crop of the producers, estimated on the basis 

 of actual sales, was $34.844,449, an average of 

 7.01 cents a pound, or $50.28 an acre. The aver- 

 age prices per pound received by the producer 

 in States producing 5,000,000 pounds, ranged 

 from 4. 5 cents in Missouri, 4.7 cents in Maryland, 

 and 12.8 cents in Connecticut, to 14.2 cents in 

 North Carolina. The product of Louisiana aver- 

 aged 25.2 cents a pound to the producer. The fol- 

 lowing is the product of the six most important 

 tobacco States, 1889: Kentucky, 221, 880,303 Ibs.; 

 Virginia, 48,522,655 Ibs. ; Ohio, 37, 853, 563 Ibs. ; 

 North Carolina, 36.375,258 Ibs. ; Tennessee, 36,- 

 368,395 Ibs.; and Pennsylvania, 28,956,247 Ibs. 

 In 1879 the six highest in rank were Kentucky, 

 171,120,784 Ibs. ; Virginia, 79.988,868 Ibs. ; 

 Pennsylvania, 36,943,272 Ibs. ; Ohio, 34,735,235 

 Ibs. ; Tennessee, 29,365,052 Ibs. ; and North 

 Carolina, 26,986,213 Ibs. In 1869 the six high- 

 est States stood : Kentucky, 105,305,869 Ibs. ; 

 Virginia, 37,086,364 Ibs. ; Tennessee, 21,465,452 

 Ibs. ; Ohio, 18,741,973 Ibs. ; Maryland, 15,785,- 

 339 Ibs. ; and Missouri, 12,320,483 Ibs. In 



1859 the ranking was as follows : Virginia, 121- 

 787.946 Ibs. ; Kentucky, 108,126,840 Ibs. ; Ten- 

 nessee, 43,448,097 Ibs. ; Maryland, 38,410,965 

 Ibs. ; North Carolina, 32,853,250 Ibs. ; and Ohio, 

 25,092,581 Ibs. 



Flax and Hemp. The total area devoted to 

 the cultivation of flax in 1889 is reported as 

 1,318,698 acres ; product of flax-seed, 10,250,410 

 bushels ; product of fiber, 241,389 Ibs. ; amount 

 of flax-straw sold or utilized at a determinable 

 value, 207,757 tons ; total value of all flax prod- 

 ucts, $10,436,288. 



Flax-seed is reported from 31 States. Of these, 

 Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, and Nebraska 

 produce 80.06 per cent, of the total amount, or 

 1,035,613 bushels in excess of the entire product 

 of 1880. South Dakota, 1880, had the largest 

 acreage devoted to flax, and Minnesota the 

 largest production of seed. Of the States con- 

 taining 1.000 acres or upward in flax, Wisconsin 

 had the highest average yield of flax-seed per acre, 

 11.42 bushels, and had the highest average value 

 per acre of all flax products, $13.39. 



The total area of land devoted to the cultiva- 

 tion of hemp in 1889 was 25,054 acres, and the 

 product of fiber was 11,511 tons, valued at $1,- 

 102,602 to the producers. This branch of agri- 

 cultural industry is confined almost exclusively 

 to the State of Kentucky, which produces 93.77 

 per cent, of the total hemp crop. The average 

 yield per acre for the country is 1,029 Ibs., and 

 the average value $41.01, or $95.79 a ton. 



Cotton. The preliminary reports under this 

 heading summarize the results of the inquiry 

 in Texas, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, South 

 Carolina, Arkansas, Louisiana, North Carolina, 

 Tennessee, Florida, Missouri, Virginia, Ken- 

 tucky, Oklahoma, and Kansas. For the pur- 

 poses of this article, the statistics of States are 

 given according to the number of bales of cotton 

 produced in 1889-1890. 



In Texas the total area devoted to the cul- 

 tivation of cotton in 1889-1890 was 3,932,755 

 acres, and the production of cotton 1,470,353 

 bales, as compared with a cultivated area of 

 2,178,435 acres and a production of 805,284 bales 

 in 1879-1880. There was, therefore, an increase 

 of 1,754.320 acres, or 80.53 per cent., in the area 

 cultivated, and of 665,069 bales, or 82.59 per 

 cent., in the number of bales produced, the yield 

 in 1879-1880 being at the rate of 0,370 of a bale 

 to the acre, or 2.705 acres to the bale, and in 

 1889-1890 at the rate 0.374 of a bale to the acre, 

 or 2.675 acres to the bale. 



In Georgia the total area devoted to the culti- 

 vation of cotton in 1889-1890 was 3,345,526 

 acres, and the production -of cotton 1,191,919 

 bales, as compared with a cultivated area of 



