ARIZONA. 



Enacting a general law for the incorporation of cities, 

 towns, and villages having a population of 500 per- 

 sons or more. 



Eevising the law relative to the assessment and 

 collection of taxes. 



Providing for annual encampments of the Terri- 

 torial militia, and perfecting the laws governing the 

 militia. 



Valuations. The total assessed valuation of 

 property in the Territory for 1893 was $28,486,- 

 183, an increase of $563,021 over the valuation 

 of 1891. Included in the assessment are the fol- 

 lowing items : 3,463,507 acres of land, $5,198,- 

 515.35; improvements thereon, $1,604,014; city 

 and town lots, $2,986,591.40; improvements there- 

 on, $2,642,682.40 ; 401,812 cattle, $3,742,936.65 ; 

 421,797 sheep, $847,463.48; 44,342 horses, $1,- 

 072,378.89; 1,807 mules, $51,050; 1,325 asses, 

 $13,589.50; 4,005 goats, $5,553; 6,071 hogs, 

 $19,286.65 ; 1,087 miles of railroad, $5,969,781.26 ; 

 all other property, 4,332,340.42. 



Education. During 1892 there were 275 

 teachers in the public schools of the Territory, 

 employed on an average six and a half months, 

 at an average salary of $79.77. The number of 

 children of school age in the Territory was 15,- 

 463, of whom 9,997 were enrolled on the school 

 lists. The total amount paid in salaries was 

 $140,712.21, and the total expenditure for school 

 purposes was $205,810. In the 214 school dis- 

 tricts the total value of school property was 

 $329,419.49. Among the private schools con- 

 ducted by religious societies are several Catholic 

 academic's and parochial schools. Higher edu- 

 cation is represented by the Territorial Univer- 

 sity, which was opened at Tucson in October, 

 1891. The value of its grounds, buildings, and 

 equipment is $90,665. The institution is under 

 the control of a board of regents appointed by 

 the Governor, the Secretary of the Territory and 

 the Superintendent of Public Instruction being 

 ex-officio members of the board. . Its endowment 

 Consists of two separate funds : First, the terri- 

 torial tax of about $4,500, to pay interest on 

 bonds pledged to the university, annually levied, 

 available for building and general purposes; 

 second, the college appropriation from the na- 

 tional Congress, increasing annually from $15,- 

 000 to $19,000 for the year 1893-'94, with pro- 

 visions for a continued yearly increase of $1,000 

 until it becomes $25,000 annually, restricted to 

 use for salaries and equipment. The enactment 

 establishing the university provides that it shall 

 consist of five departments : First, literature, 

 science, and arts; second, theory and practice 

 and elementary instruction ; third, agriculture ; 

 fourth, normal instruction ; fifth, mineralogy 

 and the school of mines. With adequate pro- 

 vision for instruction in science and literature 

 and in the branches required for thorough train- 

 ing in business methods, as well as in art, this 

 university devotes particular attention to agri- 

 culture and mining, the two great industries of 

 Arizona. 



Cattle-raising. The completion of two 

 transcontinental railways through northern and 

 southern Arizona in 1880 and 1881 suddenly 

 opened a vast grazing region of unsurpassed ex- 

 cellence, and the opportunity was seized by 

 eager capitalists, both at home and abroad, to 

 invest in the new El Dorado. Thousands of 



cattle immediately subsequent to the completion 

 of these lines were imported into the Territory 

 from Mexico and from Utah and Texas. For some 

 years, with virgin pastures, the three and four 

 year old steers were turned off from the ranges 

 in large numbers every autumn soon after the 

 rainy season, and disposed of in the local markets 

 and in California as prime beef, bringing profit- 

 able prices, and the business greatly prospered. 

 But as the herds increased the grass supply 

 diminished throughout the Territory to such an 

 extent that it was impossible to mature prime 

 beef on the open ranges, and the cattle owners 

 were forced, at great pecuniary sacrifices in most 

 instances, to sell their steers as feeders to buyers 

 from California, Montana, and Kansas. 



The steers from two to five years old, as re- 

 cently as the spring of 1893, were purchased by 

 thousands and shipped to these States at con- 

 siderable profit to the middleman, and are there 

 matured for market. 



While no accurate data are at hand, it is esti- 

 mated that over 200,000 head were shipped from 

 Arizona to California, Nevada, Montana, Kansas, 

 Nebraska, and Texas during the year ending 

 June 30, 1893. Severe drought during the last 

 two seasons served to hasten these shipments 

 and greatly add to the number of cattle sent 

 away. But such has been the shrinkage in the 

 value of certain classes of cattle that the price 

 offered for them did not permit their owners to 

 incur the financial risk of relieving their ranges 

 to the extent that was desirable to escape disas- 

 ter, even though the railroads penetrating the 

 Territory made special rates " for starving cat- 

 tle." As indicating the loss in this business, it 

 may be noted that the number of cattle assessed 

 in the Territory decreased from 644,209 in 1892 

 to 491.812 in 1893, and the valuation fell from 

 $5,047,207 to $3,742,936. 



Irrigation. Probably not more than 10,000 

 acres are successfully cultivated in the Territory 

 without the aid of irrigation, and these are to be 

 found in the northern part in valleys of high 

 altitude. The extent to which irrigation has 

 been developed and land reclaimed is shown by 

 the following figures : 



Of the 346 miles of canals in Maricopa County, 

 38 miles were constructed during 1892, furnish- 

 ing 60,000 acres with water. With these canals 

 there are also about 2,000 miles of laterals used 

 for the distribution of the water on the land 

 irrigated. In Yuma County, 24,000 acres of the 

 105,000 under irrigation were reclaimed during 

 the same year. 



Mining. During the past seventeen years 

 Arizona has produced gold, silver, and copper 

 to the value of $94,293,648. Mining was fairly 

 begun in 1876. In that year $336,564 worth of 

 silver bullion was produced. The industry 

 rapidly developed, until in 1881 the silver bul- 



