40 ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. (AUSTRALASIAN.) 



to the recent discoveries and revelations in New 

 Zealand. Among the papers presented before 

 this section were the following : " Notes on the 

 MacDonnell Range," by H. Y. L. Brown ; " Cer- 

 tain Plant Bearing-Beds of Victoria," by G. B. 

 Pritchard and T. S. Hall ; " On Certain Forami- 

 niferal Rock " and " A Complete List of the Fos- 

 sil Foraminifera of Australia," by Walter How- 

 chin ; " The Distribution of the Graphitolitidae 

 in the Rocks of Castlemaine," by T. S. Hall; 

 " The Application of Photography to Geological 

 Surveys, by J. H. Harvey; "Glacial Deposits of 

 Bacchus Marsh, Victoria," by George Sweet and 

 Charles Brittlebank ; " The Evidences of Recent 

 Glaciation in New South Wales," by G. J. Stat- 

 ham ; " Notes on the Volcanic Action in East- 

 ern Australia," by T. W. E. David ; " The Igne- 

 ous Rocks of Southwestern Australia," by J. 

 Dennant ; " Systematic Application of Photo- 

 graphs as an Aid for making Geological Sur- 

 veys," by E. P. Bishop ; also reports from the in- 

 vestigation committee on evidence of glacial 

 action in Australia during the Tertiary and post- 

 Tertiary eras were presented. 



D. Biology. This section was presided over 

 by C. W. De Vis, Curator of the Brisbane Muse- 

 um, who spoke on the subject of " Life." His 

 address was full, and treated of heredity, the 

 study of biology, and biological laboratories. The 

 following papers were read and discussed before 

 the section : " The Geographical Distribution of 

 Queensland Lichens," by J. Shirley ; " The Flora 

 of the Lower Glenelg River," by E. P. Eckert ; 

 " Botanical Nomenclature with Special Refer- 

 ence to Fungi," by D. MacAlpine ; " The Bio- 

 logical Results of the Elder Exploration," by 

 Ralph Tate ; " Further Notes on the Land Pla- 

 narians of Tasmania and South Australia," by 

 Arthur Dendy ; " Eggs of the Australian Breed- 

 ers of the Plovers, Snipes, etc.," by A. J. Camp- 

 bell ; " Photomicrography as a Means of Illus- 

 trating Natural Objects," by W. B. Poole ; 

 " Vernacular List of Birds," by Col. Legge and 

 A. J. Campbell ; " Plea for a Rational Popular 

 Nomenclature of Australian Plants," by M. 

 Holtze ; " Fauna Regions of Australia," by C. J. 

 Hedley ; " Necessity of ascertaining the Distri- 

 bution of Australian Fauna," by Thomas Black- 

 burn ; and report of the committee appointed to 

 report on the protection of native fauna. 



E. Geography. The presiding officer of this 

 section was A. C. Macdonald, Secretary of the 

 Victorian Branch of the Royal Geographical So- 

 ciety of Australasia, who delivered an address on 

 " The Advance in Geographical Research and the 

 Geographical Distribution of Man in his Progress 

 toward Civilization." Among the papers pre- 

 sented before this section were the following : 

 " On the Physiography and the Geographical Di- 

 visions of the Islands of the Fijian Group," by J. 

 P. Thompson ; " On the Physiography of South 

 Gippsland, Victoria," by J. Stirling ; " South 

 Australian Nomenclature," by C. H. Harris ; 

 " The Advocacy of another Attempt to Find 

 Traces of Dr. Leichardt," by F. Von Mueller ; 

 " The Results of the Elder Exploring Expedi- 

 tion to Central Australia," by J. W. Jones ; and 

 " Notes and Reminiscences of the First Crossing 

 of the Australian Continent," by W. P. Auld. 



F. Ethnology and Anthropology. The Rev. S. 

 Ella, of New South Wales, was the presiding of- 



ficer of this section, and addressed the section on 

 " The Origin of the Polynesian Races. The fol- 

 lowing papers were read before the section: "On 

 the Habits, Customs, Ceremonies, etc., of the Ab- 

 originals on the Diamentina, Herbert, and Elea- 

 nor Rivers in East Central Australia," by Francis 

 H. Wells ; " The Smoke Signals of the Austra- 

 lian Aborigines," by A. T. Margarey ; " On the 

 Survival of the Unfittest," by H. K. Rusden ; 

 " South Australian Physique and Mortality," by 

 J. H. D. Davidson : " the So-called Wild Blacks 

 at Poplitah," by A. F. Cudmore ; "The Omeo 

 and Monaro Aborigines, with a Description of 

 the Stone Implements of the Latter Tribe," by 

 R. Helms ; and " The Stone Implements of the 

 Aboriginal Tribes of the Seaboard of South Aus- 

 tralia," by Walter Howchin. 



G. Economic Science and Agriculture. The 

 presiding officer of this section was H. C. L. An- 

 derson, formerly Director of Agriculture in New 

 South Wales, who presented as his address a dis- 

 course on " The State of Agriculture and Agri- 

 cultural Education in New South Wales." 

 Among the papers read before this section were 



Standard Pressure Gauge," by C. W. Smith ; 

 " The Laying Out of Towns," by J. H. Packard ; 

 " The Punishment of Criminals," by Justice 

 Bundey ; " The Physical Properties of the In- 

 gredients of the Soil in Relation to Productiv- 

 ity," by J. G. O. -Topper ; " Agricultural Wealth," 

 by W. Smithers-Gadd ; " Current Popular Falla- 

 cies on Taxation," by R. M. Johnson ; " The 

 Proper Method of Levying a Land Tax," by C. 

 W. Adams ; and " Deforestation in South Aus- 

 tralia: Its Causes and Probable Results," by 

 Walter Gill. 



H. Engineering and Architecture. This sec- 

 tion was presided over by J. R. Scott, Lecturer 

 in Charge of the School of Engineering, Canter- 

 bury College, Christchurch, New Zealand, whose 

 address dealt with " The Direction of Engineer- 

 ing Progress." The following papers were pre- 

 sented before the section : " Transition Curves 

 for Railways and Tramways," by S. Smeaton ; 

 " The Camera as an Accessory Instrument to the 

 Surveyor," by C. Hope Harris ; " End-Loading 

 of Sheep Trucks," by J. C. B. Moncrieff ; " Tur- 

 bines," by Bernhard A. Smith ; " An Architec- 

 ture Racy of the Soil," by M. F. Cavanagh ; " A 

 Means of Distributing Oil on the Surface of the 

 Sea," by T. Turnbull ; " Water-Tube Boilers," by 

 J. T. Noble Anderson ; and " A New Form of 

 Telemeter," by G. Knibbs. 



I. Sanitary Science and Hygiene. The meet- 

 ings of this section were presided over by A. 

 Mault, Secretary of the Central Board of Health, 

 Tasmania, who chose " Urban Sanitation " as 

 the subject of his presidential address. Among 

 the papers presented were the following : " Arti- 

 san Dwellings," by Dr. Gault ; " Construction 

 of Hospital Wards " and " On the Axial Lines 

 of Hospital Wards," by John Sulman ; " Hos- 

 pitals as a Means of teaching and spreading 

 Sanitary Laws and Hygiene," by Miss Noble ; 

 " The Construction of Hospitals," by C. G. Owen 

 Smith ; " The Character of the South Australian 

 Water Supply, embracing Analyses of Character- 

 istic Potable Waters and their Bacteriological 



