ASSOCIATIONS, SCIENCE. 



ASTRONOMY, PROGRESS OF. 41 



Examination," by (!. A. Goyder; "Reasons for 



romieetim,' I ln< lligh Death Hate of Adelaide 



ami tin- Increasing UnhealthfalneM of the Sub- 

 urlis with Sewers and Sewer Oases, with Some 

 SiiirueMioiis for further Investigation of the 

 Subject," by Miss Martin; "The Disposal of 

 Town Refuse," by J. Hard^; and " Spiroptera 

 i.ited with Tuberculosis in Cattle," by Dr. 

 Barnard and A. Park. 



J. Menial Science and Education. The pre- 

 siding officer of this section was Henry Laurie, 

 who holds the chair of Mental and Moral Phi- 

 losophy at the University of Melbourne. His 

 address was on "The Recent Progress and 

 J 'resent Position of Mental Science." The fol- 

 lowing papers were read before 

 this section: "The Australasian ^^^^^^M 

 Home-Reading Union," by Mrs. 

 Wolstenholme ; " The Federation 

 of Australian Universities," by 

 Rev. Canon Poole ; " The Value 

 of Technical Education to Arti- 

 sans in the Building Trades," by 

 Hillson Beasley ; " The Education 

 of Australian Girls," by Mrs. Kel- 

 sey ; " Public Instruction and Pub- 

 lic Defense," by John Shirley; 

 " Some Predilections in Decorative 

 and Pictorial," by Harry P. Gill ; 

 " Psychophysical Experiments," 

 by E. F. J. Love ; " The Training 

 of Secondary Teachers," by P. 

 Ansell Robin ; " Ocular Education 

 in Public Schools and its Bearing 

 in Society," by A. E. Mueller; 

 "Methods of leaching in Use in 

 the Primary Public Schools, South 

 Australia," by M. M. Maughan ; 

 " A Plea for Practical Education," 

 by W. Catton Grasby ; and ' The 

 Simplification of Difficulties in 

 the Relations between the Tonic 

 Sol Fa, and Old Notations," by 

 W. A. Jones. 



Entertainments. During the 

 meeting the following evening 

 lectures werfe given : On Sept 

 25, " Prehistoric Man," by Dr. E. C. Stirling, of 

 the University of Adelaide; and on Sept. 27, 

 " Diprotodon and its Times," by C. W. De Vis, 

 of the Brisbane Museum. Other entertainments 

 included a garden party, given on the afternoon 

 of Sept. 26 by the Earl of Kintore, the govern- 

 or of the colony ; a conversazione, given on Fri- 

 day evening, Sept. 29, by the chief justice of the 



the Hon. A. C. Gregory was elected president; 

 also, as local secret arie>, .1. Shirley and < . W. 

 !> Vis, and as local treasurer, A. Norton, were 

 chosen. 



ASTRONOMY, PROGRESS OF, IN 1H98. 

 The astronomical discoveries of 1893, while on 

 a par with those of former years in general, fail 

 to equal those that distinguished 1892, which 

 for a decade at least have not been surpassed. 



The Sun. Much information regarding the 

 physical constitution of the sun has recently been 

 obtained by Prof. George E. Hale, at Kenwood 

 Observatory, Chicago, by means of the spectro- 

 heliograph. He has succeeded in photographing 

 the ultra-violet spectrum of both the chroino- 



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PROMINENCES AND FACVIJB ON THE SUN, APRIL 16, 1893. 



sphere and the prominences. With a tangential 

 slit placed at varying distances from the limb, 

 the negative plate shows the reversal of many 

 lines in the cnromospheric spectrum. The in- 

 strument, as briefly as can be stated, consists of 

 a powerful diffraction spectroscope, the colli- 

 mator and viewing telescopes having object 

 glasses of 3| inches in diameter, the grating be- 



colony ; a picnic, given on Sept. 30 by C. Will- ing ruled to 14,438 lines to the inch. In front 

 cox, Mayor of Adelaide in the National Park, of the photographic plate a second slit is so 



which was then for the first time opened to the 

 public ; and an excursion, also on Sept. 30, to 

 Hallett's Cove, especially interesting as ex- 

 hibiting evidences of glacial action, thereby 

 demonstrating the existence formerly of glaciers 

 in Australia. At the close of the meeting a 

 special trip, lasting several days, was made to 

 the river Murray, in order to examine the gorge 

 of that river and its fossiliferous cliffs ; also to 

 study the remarkable inlies of the archaean 

 rocks near Mannum. 



Next Meeting. The sixth meeting of the 

 association will be held in Brisbane, Queens- 

 land, during January, 1895, for which session 



placed that the light of one line only in the 

 spectrum, that of the fourth order, is allowed to 

 fall on the plate. The plate and slit are moved 

 simultaneously, and as the slit of the collimator 

 passes across the image of the sun, the plate 

 moves behind the second slit at the same rate, 

 so that a complete image of the sun is seen 

 on the particular line selected, the H and K 

 lines being those most generally employed. By 

 the use of a diaphragm to shut off the image 

 of the sun, and oy giving the plate and slit a 

 slower motion, he photographs the whole of the 

 prominences around the sun's limb, which pro- 

 cess, by Prof. Hale's method, requires only two 



