AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



61 



the town. The Emperor of Germany rode at 

 ilu- head df the Hungarian Hussars in the at- 

 tacking party. The Army of tin- North was 

 driven out, the Austrian Emperor and the 

 princes retreating with it, and (Jen. von Kein- 

 landiT occupied (Jllns and the adjacent villages. 

 <>n the fourth day the entire forces of both ar- 

 mies, amounting to upward of 130.000 men, 

 * 1 1 imaged. The Army of the South had 

 crossed the river Stob by means of pontoons, 

 and sought to defend the position. A fierce 

 artillery battle raged for several hours. Under 

 cover <>f their guns the Army of the South threw 

 pontoons across the river and effected a landing 

 mi the opposite bank, forcing the enemy again 

 to retire. On the fifth day the Army of the 

 North, having been re-enforced by the Vienna 

 Corps, assumed the offensive. The line of battle 

 was five miles long. The flank of Gen. von 

 Reinlander's army was turned and he was com- 

 pelled to retreat. On the sixth day the victori- 

 ous army attempted to dislodge Gen. von Rein- 

 lander from the new position he had taken up, 

 but failed. The victory was awarded to the 

 Army of the North for having turned the ene- 

 my's flank. Men and horses suffered severely 

 from exhaustion, and many accidents occurred 

 during the fighting. The plain and inconspicu- 

 ous Austrian uniform seemed well adapted for 

 use in a battle where smokeless powder is used. 

 Bicycle riders and dogs were utilized for the 

 carrying of dispatches, and the new waterproof 

 silk tents proved their superiority in every way to 

 any tent heretofore used. The army commis- 

 sariat proved inefficient, the men having to wait 

 sometimes till midnight before rations were 

 served. In an order of the day the Emperor 

 expressed his satisfaction with the manoauvres 

 and with the discipline of the troops, and de- 

 clared that he had entire confidence in the army. 



The Navy. The Austrian navy consists of 2 

 turret ships, of 21 guns, 22 machine guns, and 

 13,000 indicated horse power; 8 plated casemate 

 ships, of 142 guns, 88 machine guns, and 28,500 

 indicated horse power ; 1 plated frigate, of 20 

 guns, 9 machine guns, and 3,500 indicated horse 

 power ; 2 ram cruisers, 7 torpedo ships, 6 tor- 

 pedo vessels, 62 torpedo boats, 3 avisos, 6 train- 

 ing ships, 3 river monitors, 17 station and serv- 

 ice ships, 10 vessels for harbor and coast service, 

 9 school and barrack ships, and 4 stationary ves- 

 sels. The navy is manned in time of peace by 

 676 officers, 424 engineers, mechanics, etc., 7,500 

 sailors, and 4,500 marines. 



Commerce. The general commerce of the 

 Austro-IIungarian customs union, including Bos- 

 nia and Herzegovina, amounted in 1891 to 

 618,300,000 florins of imports and 787,600,000 

 florins of exports. The values of the principal 

 imports were as follow: Cotton, 45,500,000 

 florins ; coffee, 38,900,000 florins ; wool, 37,100,- 

 000 florins ; coal and coke. 24,400,000 florins ; silk, 

 20.900,000 florins ; woolen yarn, 17,700,000 flor- 

 ins; machinery, 17,600,000 florins; fursandhides, 

 17,500,000 florins : leaf tobacco, 16,700,000 florins ; 

 cattle, 16,700.000 florins; leather, 15,300,000 flor- 

 ins; cotton yarn, 13,900,000 florins; books and 

 newspapers, 13,000,000 florins; hardware and 

 clocks, 12,700.000 florins ; silk goods, 12,100,000 

 florins; woolen goods, 12.000,000 florins; colors 

 and tanning material, 10,900,000 florins; grain, 



7,200,000 florins; manufactured tobacco, 4,900,000 

 florins. The following are, tin- valuoof the prin- 

 cipal exports: Sugar, 83,000,000 florins ; grain, 

 80,400,000 florins: timber, 63,500,000 florin*; 

 cattle, 87,100,000 florins; coal and coke, :;i.:;"n.- 

 000 florins; hardware. 21.WO.OOO florins; glass 

 and glassware, 19,000,000 florins : wooden ware, 

 18,200,000 florins; gloves, 17,900,000 florins; iron 

 and ironware, 17,500,000 florins; woolen good*, 

 16,000,000 florins ; paper and paper ware, 16.000,- 

 000 florins; eggs, 16,000,000 florins; flour, 15,- 

 200,000 florins; feathers, 13,700,000 florins ; wool, 

 11,900,000 florins; leather ware, 11,800,000 flor- 

 ins; minerals, 11,700,000 florins; wine, 9,300,- 

 000 florins; silk ware, 7,700,000 florins; linen 

 yarn, 7,000,000 florins. 



Navigation. During the year 1890 there 

 were 26,856 sailing vessels, of 894,338 tons, and 

 41,817 steamers, of 7,622,540 tons, entered, and 

 26,794 sailing vessels, of 893,160 tons, and 41,- 

 832 steamers, of 7,552,114 tons, cleared at Aus- 

 tro-Hungarian ports. In 1891 there were en- 

 tered at the port of Trieste 3.506 sailing vessels, 

 of 119,396 tons, with cargoes, and 766 sailing 

 vessels, of 49,682 tons, without cargoes; 2,516 

 steamers, of 1,171.642 tons, with cargoes, and 

 1,047 steamers, of 134,145 tons, without cargoes. 

 There were cleared 2,893 sailing vessels, of 143,- 

 012 tons, with cargoes, and 1.350 sailing vessels, 

 of 28,439 tons, without cargoes : 3,058 steamers, 

 of 1,197,255 tons, with cargoes, and 484 steamers, 

 of 109,474 tons, without cargoes. The commer- 

 cial navy, in the beginning of 1892, was com- 

 posed of 10,380 vessels, of 250,568 tons, of which 

 261, of 186,810 tons, were seagoing; 1,734. of 

 43,526 tons, coasting vessels, and 8,385, of 20,- 

 232 tons, were vessels of all kinds. The crews 

 of the commercial navy numbered 29,772. 



Railroads. On Jan. 1, 1892, there were 15,- 

 650 kilometres of railroads in operation in Aus- 

 tria, and 12,045 kilometres in Hungary. Of the 

 Austrian roads, 6,337 kilometres were owned by 

 the Government, 1,645 kilometres were worked 

 by the Government but belonged to companies, 

 and 7,668 kilometres were operated by compa- 

 nies. Of the Hungarian roads, 7,443 kilometres 

 were owned by the Government, 2,459 kilometres 

 leased and operated by the Government, and 

 2,143 kilometres owned and operated by compa- 

 nies. The length of railroads in Bosnia and 

 Herzegovina in 1892 was 384 miles. 



Posts and Telegraphs. In 1891 there were 

 expedited by the Austrian post-offices 493,188,- 

 850 letters and postal cards, 74,433,500 samples 

 and printed inclosures, and 68,985,020 newspa- 

 pers. The Hungarian post-offices forwaraed 

 141,089,240 letters and postal cards, and 22,140,- 

 880 samples and printed inclosures. There were 

 in the same year 17,609 miles of telegraph lines 

 with 50,154 miles of wire in Austria, 12,473 miles 

 of lines with 46,700 miles of wire in Hungary, 

 and 1,765 miles of lines with 3,814 miles of wire 

 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There were trans- 

 mitted a total of 14,293,336 messages, of which 

 9,661.297 were over Austrian lines, 4.310,120 

 over Hungarian lines, and 321,919 over the lines 

 of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Receipts of posts 

 and telegraphs in Austria in 1891 amounted to 

 32,500,919 florins, and expenditures to 29,174,954 

 florins. The receipts in Hungary were 13,723,856 

 florins, and the expenses 9,561,836 florins. 



