66 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



peers, who pay an annual land tax of 3,000 flor- 

 ins, life peers, 40 dignitaries of the Roman and 

 Greek Churches, 11 representatives of Protestant 

 confessions, such archdukes as have attained their 

 majority, 3 delegates of Croatia-Slavonia, and 17 

 judges and state officials, who are members ex 

 officio. The Lower House has 453 members, of 

 whom 413 are Deputies elected by the vote of 

 male citizens of the age of twenty years who pay 

 a small direct tax and others who are entitled to 

 vote without the property qualification, and 40 

 are delegates of Croatia-Slavonia. Members are 

 elected for five years. The Parliament is sum- 

 moned annually by the King at Buda-Pesth. The 

 language of the Orszaggiiles is Hungarian, but 

 the representatives of Croatia and Slavonia may 

 speak their own language. Croatia and Slavonia 

 possess autonomy concerning religion, instruc- 

 tion, justice, and police, and their provincial Diet 

 meets annually at Agram. The Hungarian min- 

 istry in the beginning of 1893 was composed of 

 the following members : President of the Coun- 

 cil and Minister of Finance, Dr. Alexander We- 

 kerle ; Minister of the Honved or National De- 

 fense, Baron Geza Pejervary ; Minister ad latus 

 or at the King's side, Graf Louis Tisza ; Minis- 

 ter of the Interior, C. de Hieronymi ; Minister of 

 Education and Public Worship, Graf Albin Cza- 

 ky ; Minister of Justice, Desiderius de Szilagyi ; 

 Minister of Industry and Commerce, Bela de 

 Lukacs ; Minister of Agriculture, Graf Andreas 

 Bethlen ; Minister for Croatia and Slavonia, 

 Emerich de Josipovitch. 



Finance. The budget for 1893 estimates the 

 ordinary revenue at 402,278,985 florins, and the 

 transitory revenue at 83,000,658 florins, making 

 a total revenue of 485,279,643 florins. Of the 

 ordinary revenue, 3,690,282 florins are derived 

 from state debts. 1,900 florins from the Account- 

 ant-General's office, 800 florins from the Minis- 

 try ad latus, 1,189,329 florins from the Ministry 

 of the Interior, 282,921,258 florins from the 

 Ministry of Finance, 97,878,292 florins from the 

 Ministry of Commerce, 14,240,913 florins from 

 the Ministry of Agriculture, 1,264,461 florins 

 from the Ministry of Public Worship and In- 

 struction, 729,761 florins from the Ministry of 

 Justice, and 358,983 florins from the Ministry of 

 National Defense. The total expenditure was 

 estimated at 485,265,596 florins, of which 378.- 

 005,231 florins represents the ordinary expendi- 

 ture, 85,083,384 florins the transitory expendi- 

 ture, 15,248,994 florins the investments, and 

 6,928,023 florins the extraordinary common ex- 

 penditures of the whole monarehy, being the 

 Transleithan quota. Of the ordinary expendi- 

 tures, 4,650,000 florins are for the civil list, 72,- 

 723 florins for the Cabinet Chancery, 1.299,600 

 florins for the Diet, 25,247,160 florins for the 

 common expenses of the whole 1 monarchy, 41,- 

 985 florins for the common pension list, 7,440,- 

 461 florins for the Hungarian pensions, 118,- 

 770,507 florins for the national debt, 21,319,298 

 florins for debts of guaranteed railroads ac- 

 quired by the Government, 753,408 florins for 

 other guaranteed railroad debts, 7,106,947 florins 

 for the administration of Croatia, 110,900 florins 

 for the Accountant-General's office, 337,580 flor- 

 ins for the President of the Council, 58,540 flor- 

 ins for the Ministry ad latus, 36,080 florins for 

 the Ministry of Croatia, 12,283,460 florins for 



the Ministry of the Interior, 64,785,248 florins 

 for the Ministry of Finance, 65,526,635 florins 

 for the Ministry of Commerce, 14,470,165 florins 

 for the Ministry of Agriculture, 7,888,381 florins 

 for the Ministry of Public Worship and Instruc- 

 tion, 13,585,907 florins for the Ministry of Jus- 

 tice, and 12,220,246 florins for the Ministry of 

 National Defense. 



The Hungarian Culturkampf. The con- 

 flict between the state and the Church, which 

 originated with the decree of the Minister of 

 Public Worship of Feb. 26, 1890, regarding the 

 Weglaufungen, has led the country into a reli- 

 gious struggle, in dealing with which the Gov- 

 ernment found the greatest difficulty. The Lib- 

 eral party, having obtained the majority in the 

 last elections, demanded a settlement of the 

 politico-religious questions. The Szapary min- 

 istry attempted to arrange a programme which 

 should receive the support of the Liberals as 

 well as the approval of the Crown. There were 

 three points on which the ministry agreed. The 

 first was the registration by the state of the 

 births of the children of mixed marriages. The 

 Hungarian law prescribes that male children be 

 baptized in the faith of the father and female 

 children in that of the mother. If a child born 

 of a mixed marriage be baptized by a Catholic 

 priest, its birth must be registered in the Cath- 

 olic Church register ; if baptized by a Protestant 

 pastor, the birth must be inscribed in the regis- 

 ter of the church in which the child is baptized. 

 Each case of baptism is to be communicated to 

 the minister of the other faith. This law the 

 Catholic Church refused to comply with; and, 

 as no compromise could be made, registration 

 by the state seemed to be the only available 

 solution of the problem. The second question 

 regarded the free practice of all religions, which 

 the ministry favored unanimously. The third 

 question was that of the recognition of the 

 Jewish confession, which has heretofore been 

 counted among the tolerated religions, but 

 which the ministry proposed to put on a par 

 with the recognized religions. Regarding the 

 fourth question, that of civil marriage, the min- 

 istry could not agree. 



At present the legislation affecting marriage 

 does not rest with the state, but with the differ- 

 ent confessions officially recognized in Hungary, 

 each of which has its own special ordinances. 

 In the matter of civil marriage the Catholic 

 Church would make no concession, but opposed 

 the contemplated reform with all the force that 

 it could bring to bear. It had taken an active 

 part in the elections the year before, and had 

 supported members of any party who pledged 

 themselves to forward its cause, the Hungarian 

 bishops declaring that, as marriage is one of the 

 sacraments of the Church, they could not regard 

 civil marriage in any form as anything more 

 than mere civil registration. The Liberal party, 

 under the leadership of Tisza, the former Pre- 

 mier, insisted on obligatory civil marriage, pure 

 and simple, and refused to entertain any com- 

 promise proposed by Count Szapary. 



The Cabinet Crisis. On Nov. 5, 1892. Count 

 Szapary went to Vienna to submit his plans to 

 the Emperor, and on Nov. 9 he announced at a 

 sitting of the Hungarian Chamber of Deputies 

 that the Cabinet had tendered its resignation 



