86 



ELAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE. 



employed by other persons, and provided that when 

 so hunting in canoes or undecked boats the Indians 

 shall not nunt fur seals outside the territorial waters 

 under contract to deliver skins to anybody. This 

 exemption is not to be construed to affect the munici- 

 pal law of either country, nor shall it extend to the 

 waters of Bering Sea or the waters around the Aleu- 

 tian Islands. Nothing herein contained is intended 

 to interfere with the employment of Indians as hunt- 

 ers or otherwise in connection with sealing vessels as 

 heretofore. 



9. The concurrent regulations hereby determined 

 with a view to the protection and preservation of the 

 fur seals shall remain in force until they have been 

 wholly or in part abolished or modified by a common 

 agreement between the United States and Great Brit- 

 ain. Said concurrent regulations shall be submitted 

 every five years to a new examination, in order to en- 

 able both governments to consider whether in the 

 light of past experience there is occasion to make any 

 modification thereof. 



The arbitrators made a special finding on the 

 facts agreed upon by the agents of both govern- 

 ments with reference to the seizure of 14 British 

 vessels in Bering Sea by the " Corwin " and 

 " Rush," and the ordering of 3 others out of 

 Bering Sea. The questions as to the value of 

 the vessels seized, and as to whether any of them 

 were the property of citizens of the United States, 

 were withdrawn from the consideration of the 

 tribunal, the United States not being estopped 

 from raising them in subsequent negotiations. 



The following declarations were suggested by 

 the tribunal for the consideration of the govern- 

 ments of the United States and Great Britain, 

 and appended to the award : 



1. The arbitrators declare that the concurrent regu- 

 lations as determined upon by the Tribunal of Arbi- 

 tration by virtue of Article VII of the Treaty of the 

 29th of February, 1892, being applicable to the high 

 sea only, should, in their opinion, be supplemented 

 by other regulations applicable within the limits of 

 the sovereignty of each of the two powers interested, 

 and to be settled by their common agreement. 



2. In view of the critical condition to which it ap- 

 pears certain that the race of fur seals is now reduced 

 in consequence of circumstances not fully known, 

 the arbitrators think tit to recommend both govern- 

 ments to come to an understanding in order to pro- 

 hibit any killing of fur seals, either on land or at sea, 

 for a period of two or three years, or at least one year, 

 eubject to such exceptions as the two governments 

 might think proper to admit of. Such a measure 

 might be recurred to at occasional intervals if found 

 beneficial. 



3. The arbitrators declare, moreover, that, in their 

 opinion, the carrying out of the regulations deter- 

 mined upon by the Tribunal of Arbitration should be 

 assured by a system of stipulations and measures to 

 be enacted by the two powers, and that the tribunal 

 must in consequence leave it to the two powers to de- 

 cide upon the means for giving effect to the regula- 

 tions determined upon by it. 



BLAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE, an Ameri- 

 can statesman, born at Indian Hill Farm, Wash- 

 ington County, Pa., Jan. 31, 1830 ; died in 

 Washington, D. C., Jan. 27, 1893. His father's 

 farm was on the bank of Monongahela river, op- 

 posite the village of Brownsville. The house 

 was of stone, built by Mr. Elaine's great-grand- 

 father, and antedated the Revolutionary War. 

 Mr. Elaine's maternal grandfather, Neal Gilles- 

 pie, was a wealthy man, of fine education and 

 wide influence. His great-grandfather on his 

 father's side was Col. Ephraim Elaine, of Car- 

 lisle, Pa., a commissary-general in the Revolu- 



tionary army from 1778 until its close in 1783. 

 To his efforts Washington attributed the salva- 

 tion of the army from starvation during the ter- 

 rible winter at Valley Forge. James G. Elaine's 

 father, also named Ephraim, was born in Car- 

 lisle. He was well educated, and was something 

 of a traveler. When, after an extended tour in 

 Europe, South America, and the West Indies, he 

 went to Washington County, in 1818, he was 

 owner of the largest landed estate in western 

 Pennsylvania. In 1825 he deeded to the Econo- 

 mites the land on which they built their town. 



James G. Elaine began his preparation for col- 

 lege with William Lyons, a brother of Lord Ly- 

 ons, and a trained English student, and was 

 drilled by his scholarly grandfather, Neal Gil- 

 lespie, in his English studies, especially in his- 



JAMES GILLESPIE BLAINE. 



tory. When he was nine years old he knew Plu- 

 tarch almost by heart. At the age of eleven he 

 was sent to school at Lancaster, Ohio, where he 

 lived in the family of his relative, the Hon. 

 Thomas Ewing, then Secretary of the Treasury; 

 and, wften thirteen years old, to Washington 

 College, Washington, Pa., where he was under 

 the care of his uncle, Hon. John H. Ewing, 

 Representative in Congress from that district. 

 He led his class, and easily excelled, especially 

 in mathematics and literature. But so much 

 time did he give to play and athletic exercises 

 that no one knew when he mastered his lessons. 

 His early training, his wonderful memory, his 

 quick grasp of the salient points, served him 

 then, as they did afterward in the severer trials 

 of intellect and statesmanship. This is the esti- 

 mate of his college mates ; but Mr. Elaine him- 

 self says that he was obliged to study hard, and 

 was qiiiet and industrious. One of his college 

 mates, afterward a Confederate general, says : 



To the new boys and young freshmen Blaine was 

 always a hero. To them he was uniformly kind, ever 

 ready to assist and advise them, and to make smooth 

 and pleasant their initiation into college life. His 

 handsome person and neat attire, his ready sympa- 

 thy and prompt assistance, his frank, generous na- 

 ture, and' his brave, manly bearing, made him the 

 best-known, the best-loved', and the most popular boy 

 at college. He was the arbiter among younger boys 

 in all their disputes, and the authority with those of 

 his own age on all questions. 



He was graduated at the age of seventeen, de- 

 livering the English salutatory and an oration 

 on "The Duty of the Educated American." 



