BRAZIL. 



99 



the occasion, was read by its writer, Prof. George 



K. \V..nillMTr\, ami thr Symphony orchestra 

 [>l.i\nl tin- funeral music used by Booth in 



Ilailllrt." 



Kthvin Booth's work was like his personal 

 character true, strong, and sincere. He hated 

 Jill shiims und pretenses with a gentle but firm 

 and persistent intolerance. Nature endowed 

 him with |>erfect physical qualities for the por- 

 tni\ nl of elevated and inspiring emotions. His 

 eyes were large, dark, and liquid, his face strong 

 :mil mobile; his hair soft, mack, and waving, 

 and he wore it habitually long until age made it 

 thin and gray. His form, erect and dignified in 

 repose, was extremely graceful in movement. 

 In the action of the various characters that he 

 from time to time portrayed it is hard to say 

 what quality contributed most to the gratifica- 

 tion of the public the perfect propriety of his 

 art in " suiting the action to the word/' or the 

 melody and sweetness of voice with which he 

 conveyed to the ear the words of passion or of 

 affection. His power of voice was not greater 

 than that bestowed upon the generality of men, 

 but the judgment with which he used it made 

 him easily the superior of actors to whom na- 

 ture gave uncommon physical qualities. In his 

 early stage life he excelled in the representation 

 of strong and energetic passion as displayed in 

 such parts as Othello, lago, Richard III, Pesca- 

 ra. and Bertuccio ; but the gentler and melan- 

 choly Hamlet gave his genius its fullest scope. 

 He was never greatly attracted by love-making 

 characters, and was therefore not often pre- 

 vailed upon to play Romeo or Claude Melnotte. 

 He was not fully confident of his powers in com- 

 edy, although he created much delight by his 

 performances of Don Caesar de Bazan and Pe- 

 truchio. From the beginning of his career he 

 was a careful student of pure diction, and to the 

 last a peerless model of that inalienable attribute 

 of acting. By his careful observance of the in- 

 tegrity of his mother tongue, and by his gen- 

 ius for riveting attention by appropriate and 

 thought-compelling action, he owned and swayed 

 that greatest of human gifts, the faculty of thrill- 

 ing the heart to sympathy and admiration. 

 Even when age, care, and illness had weakened 

 his body and wearied his mind, he was always 

 and truly great. If the fire and vigor of youth 

 were missed in the acting of his latest years, it 

 should not be forgotten that a tender and holy 

 desire to help his fellow-players moved him to 

 put aside his own inclination and so continue 

 before the public after Nature and Fortune had 

 beckoned him to rest. 



BRAZIL, a republic in South America, for- 

 merly an empire. The Imperial Government 

 was overthrown by a revolution on Nov. 15, 1889, 

 and on the expulsion of the Emperor Dom Pedro 

 II a Provisional Government was instituted by 

 Marshal da Fonseca, which convened a national 

 Congress elected by universal suffrage for the 

 purpose of framing a Constitution. This met 

 on Nov. 15, 1890, and the Constitution was pro- 

 claimed on Feb. 24, 1891. This established a 

 federal republic in which each of the old prov- 

 inces was constituted a State having power to 

 administer its affairs at its own expense, without 

 interference from the Federal Government ex- 

 cept for the maintenance of order or the execu- 



tion of the Federal laws. The Federal Senate is 

 composed of 68 members, 8 from each State and 8 

 from the Federal District, elected for nine years, 

 one third retiring every three years. The Cham- 

 ber of Deputies Has 205 members, 1 to every 70,- 

 000 of population, serving three years. The 

 President and Vice-President of the republic 

 are elected for four years; if both offices fall 

 vacant within two years of the beginning of the 

 term fresh elections must take place ; but if the 

 vacancy occurs later, the presidents of the two 

 houses of Congress and of the Supreme Court 

 succeed in their order to the office. The election 

 of the President and Vice-President and of the 

 members of both branches of Congress must be 

 by the direct suffrage of all Brazilian male citi- 

 zens of the age of twenty-one years who are regis- 

 tered voters and not paupers or illiterate, nor 

 soldiers in active service, nor members of a mo- 

 nastic order subject to vows of obedience. On 

 the enforced resignation of President Deodoro 

 da Fonseca, Nov. 23, 1891, Floriano Peixoto, the 

 Vice-President, became acting President for the 

 remaining part of the term ending Nov. 15, 1894. 



The Cabinet in the beginning of 1893 was com- 

 posed of the following members : Minister of 

 Commerce, Agriculture, and Public Works, Ser- 

 zedello Correa; Minister of Finance, Dr. Ro- 

 drigues Alves ; Minister of the Interior, Dr. Fer- 

 nando Lobo ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. 

 Victorino Monteiro ; Minister of War, Gen. 

 Francisco de Moura ; Minister of Marine, Rear- 

 Admiral Custodio Jose de Mello. In January, 

 1893, Serzedello Correa became Minister of Fi- 

 nance, the portfolio of Commerce and Agricul- 

 ture being conferred on Antonio Paulino Limpo 

 de Abreu. At the same time Monteiro was suc- 

 ceeded as Minister of Foreign Affairs by Dr. An- 

 tonio Francisco de Paula Souza. 



Area and Population. The area of Brazil 

 is 3,209,878 square miles, and the population is 

 estimated at 14,000,000. About four elevenths 

 of the population are whites, living mainly in 

 the seaports. The mixed races are about as 

 numerous. Of pure negroes, who preponderate 

 in the States of Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Ja- 

 neiro, and Minas Geraes, there are half that por- 

 portion ; and one eleventh of the population are 

 pure Indians, of whom two thirds still live in a 

 savage tribal state. The immigration at the 

 ports of Rio and Santos for the twenty years 

 ending with 1890 was 587,524. Immigration has 

 largely increased. In 1887 the number of im- 

 migrants was 54,990; in 1888, 131,785; in 1889, 

 65,187; in 1890, 107,100; in 1891,218,958. In 1891 

 the immigrants of Italian nationality numbered 

 134,391, the Portuguese 32,349, the Spaniards 22,- 

 166, and there were 11,817 Russians, 5,285 Ger- 

 mans, and 4,246 Austrians. In August, 1892, 

 the Government made a contract with the Com- 

 panhia Metropolitana for the introduction of 

 1,000,000 immigrants from European countries 

 and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in ten vears, 

 the majority of whom must be agricultural 

 laborers and the rest skilled in useful trades, and 

 not more than 60 per cent, of the whole may be 

 taken from a single country. A law permitting 

 the importation of Chinese and Japanese labor- 

 ers was signed by the President on Sept. 26. 

 1892. A fund of $30,000,000 has been created 

 by Congress for the encouragement of European 



