120 



CALIFORNIA. 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



Other duties of the commission are to be : The 

 limitation of the amount of debris washed from the 

 mines to the capacity of the restraining works erect- 

 ed ; the exercise of power to modify any permission 

 granted, or, when public interests demand, to abso- 

 lutely revoke the same ; the enforcement of the orders 

 thereof, when violated, by process in the courts, in 

 addition to the forfeiture of the rights previously se- 

 cured, and the execution of the law when parties 

 mine without lawful permission. 



The term " hydraulic mining " is declared to have 

 the meaning applied thereto in California. Such 

 mining carried on in territory tributary to the river 

 systems mentioned, directly or indirectly injuring 

 their navigability, other than as permitted by this 

 law, is prohibited and illegal. 



To obtain permission to mine, a verified petition 

 must be filed. 



If a majority of the members of the commission 

 concur in a decision favoring the granting of permis- 

 sion, the order shall specify in detail what impound- 

 ing or other restraining works shall be built and 

 maintained at the expense of the petitioner and of 

 what material, and in general shall set forth any 

 further requirements and safeguards for the protec- 

 tion of the rivers and the lands adjoining. 



Authority is conferred for conference with any 

 State commission on the subject of drainage, rec- 

 lamation of lands, or the working of hydraulic 

 mines. 



Soon after the enactment of this law the 

 Legislature passed an act permitting the re- 

 sumption of hydraulic mining in the State 

 whenever and wherever it can be carried on 

 without material injury to the navigable streams 

 and the lands adjacent. By another act, 

 provision was made for the appointment of 

 a debris commissioner having authority to con- 

 sult with any board of engineers of the United 

 States respecting the adoption of plans for the 

 construction of works to impound mining de- 

 bris. The sum of $250,000 was appropriated, 

 whenever a like sum shall be appropriated by 

 Congress, to be used in the construction of works 

 to restrain or impound such debris. 



Midwinter Exposition. On Aug. 24 ground 

 was broken in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, 

 preparatory to the erection of buildings for 

 holding a grand exposition on the Pacific coast. 

 The project had begun to take shape several 

 months before, when Mayor Ellert appointed a 

 committee of 50 citizens of San Francisco to 

 consider the matter. The outlook appeared so 

 favorable that the committee decided that the 

 plans should go forward, and an executive com- 

 mittee of 9 persons was appointed to have full 

 charge of the enterprise. Liberal pledges of 

 financial assistance were made, and Congress 

 was induced to pass a resolution admitting free 

 of duty all exhibits coming from foreign coun- 

 tries for the exposition, and permitting foreign 

 exhibitors at the World's Fair at Chicago to re- 

 move their exhibits to San Francisco ; in fact, 

 giving to foreign exhibitors at this fair the same 

 privileges as at Chicago. The ceremonies on 

 Aug. 24 were attended by a great concourse of 

 people, and throughout the State much enthusi- 

 asm was manifested for the enterprise. The 

 plans include an administration building, a me- 

 chanic arts building, a manufacturers' building, 

 an agricultural building, and a fine arts building. 

 These five structures will be grouped about a cen- 

 tral concert valley, from the center of which is 

 to rise an electric tower 260 feet in height, and 



in beauty of architecture as well as in dimen- 

 sions will compare favorably with many of the 

 lesser buildings at Jackson Park. Many of the 

 exhibitors at Chicago have manifested their 

 intention of transferring their exhibits to San 

 Francisco. The exposition is called the Califor- 

 nia Midwinter International Exposition. It will 

 open oh Jan. 1, 1894, and continue six months. 



CANADA. See DOMINION OF CANADA. 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 

 The colony of the Cape of Good Hope, founded 

 by the Dutch in 1652, became a dependency of 

 Great Britain in 1806. Representative govern- 

 ment was established in 1853, and responsible 

 government in 1872. British Caffraria was an- 

 nexed to the colony in 1865, Basutoland in 1871, 

 the Transkei and other parts of independent 

 Caffraria, with Fingoland, in 1875, and more 

 recently Tembuland, including Galekaland and 

 Walfisch Bay. Griqualand West, which was 

 detached from the Orange Free State and an- 

 nexed to the British Empire in 1871, after dia- 

 mond mines were discovered in it, is also now 

 incorporated in Cape Colony. Pondoland, a na- 

 tive territory with 200,000 inhabitants, is admin- 

 istered by a resident commissioner of the Cape 

 Government. The Transkeian territories are 

 also governed as native districts under resident 

 magistrates. Basutoland has been detached 

 from the Cape, and preserves its native mode of 

 government, subject to the direction of a resi- 

 dent commissioner. The Governor of Cape 

 Colony is also High Commission^ for South 

 Africa, directing the affairs of Basu^land, the 

 crown colony of British Bechuanalih^d, the 

 Bechuanaland Protectorate, and British 

 besia. 



Cape Colony. The Governor is Sir Hen\ 

 Brougham Loch, appointed in 1889. The inin-- 

 istry was composed in the beginning of 1893 oC 

 the following members : Premier, Cecil Rhodes ; 

 Colonial Secretary, J. W. Sauer ; Attorney-Gen- 

 eral, H. J. Rose Innes ; Secretary for Native 

 Affairs, P. H. Faure; Commissioner of Crown 

 Lands and Public Works, Sir J. Sivewright; 

 Colonial Treasurer, J. X. Merriman. The legis- 

 lative power is exercised by a Legislative Council, 

 consisting of 22 members elected for seven years, 

 and a House of Assembly of 76 members elected 

 for five years. To be elected to the Council a. 

 man must own 2,000 worth of real property or 

 personal property of twice that amount. The 

 members of both Houses are elected by male 

 citizens who are occupiers of houses of the an- 

 nual value of 25, or who receive a salary of 50, 

 or wages of 25 with board and lodging. The 

 number of registered voters in 1891 was 76,562. 



Area and Population. The area of Cape 

 Colony proper is 191,416 square miles. The 

 population, as determined by the census of April 

 5, 1891, is 956,485. The population by the cen- 

 sus of 1875 was 720,984. The European popula- 

 tion has increased from 236,783 to 336,938, 

 which is at the rate of 2'63 per cent, a year, the 

 rate of increase for the whole population being 

 2'03 per cent. Including the dependencies, ex- 

 cluding Pondoland, the total population in 1891 

 was 1,527,224, of whom 376,987 were of Euro- 

 pean origin and 1,150,237 belonged to the native 

 races, Hottentot, Caftre, Fingo, or Bechuana, ex- 

 cepting 247,806 of mixed blood and 13,907 



