CAIM-: COLONY AND SOlTH AFRICA. 



121 



Malays. Of the whites, 27,667 were English by 

 birth, <5,ii hi Scotch, 6,540 German, and 4,184 

 Irish, of the Kuropean population, 74,015 were 

 agriculturists, 77,118 were domestics, 31,177 fol- 

 |..\ved industrial, 17,922 commercial, and 14,253 

 professional occupations; 155,333 were depend- 

 ent, and 7,089 of unknown occupation. The 

 population of Cane Town, the capital, in 1891 

 l .-.'." 1 , or with suburbs 83,718. Kimberley 

 had 28,718 inhabitants, and Port Elizabeth 23,- 

 The number of arrivals by sea in 1891, 

 counting only adults, was 11,509, while the 

 number of adults who departed was 8,415. 



Commerce and Production. The foreign 

 trade of the Dutch republics and of other parts 

 of the interior of South Africa must pass 

 through either Cape Colony or Natal. The Cape 

 levies a duty on most imports, averaging 20 per 

 cent, of their value, allowing a rebate on those 

 destined for the Boer republics. In 1892 the 

 value of the imports was 9,500,000, including 

 nearly 1,250,000 for transit bevond the cus- 

 toms union. The exports, including Transvaal 

 gold, were nearly 12,250,000 in value. The 

 total value of the imports, including specie, in 



1891 was 8,582,776, and of exports 11,131,024. 

 The value of merchandise imports was 7,518,- 

 437; of exports of native products, 10,934,974. 

 The exports of the principal South African 

 products for 1891 were valued in the custom- 

 house returns as follow: Diamonds, 4,174,208; 

 wool, 2,264,498: hides and skins, 489,929: 

 ostrich feathers, 468,221; Angora hair, 355,- 

 426 ; copper ore, 254,184 ; wine, 20,183. The 

 au r :, r regate value of the diamonds exported since 

 isiiT is 56,693,000. 



The production of wheat in Cape Colony for 

 the year 1890-'91 was 2,894,482 bushels ; of to- 

 bacco, 10,993,200 pounds; of wine, 6,012,522 

 gallons ; of brandy, 1,423,043 gallons ; of raisins, 

 2,59!), 147 pounds; of wool, 56,038,659 pounds; 

 of mohair, 6,833,660 pounds. The number of 

 hides and skins was 3,228,094. The Colony had 

 2,210,834 head of cattle, 444,147 horses, 96,345 

 mules and asses, 16,706,106 sheep, 6,628,037 

 goats, and 154,880 ostriches. The quantity of 

 public land alienated up to the end of 1891 was 

 94,265,893 acres, while 40,979,890 acres still be- 

 longed to the Crown. In 1891 titles were given 

 for 3,724,750 acres. 



Navigation. The number of ocean vessels 

 entered in 1891 was 796, of 1,464.720 tons, of 

 which 572, of 1,320,164 tons, were British. The 

 number cleared was 771, of 1,426,887 tons, of 

 which 551, of 1,282,981 tons, were British. The 

 number of coasting vessels entered was 1,386, of 

 2,537,375 tons, and cleared 1,386, of 2.523,942 

 tons. The number of vessels registered in the 

 colony in 1892 was 25, of 2,836 tons. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 railroads belonging to the Government had in 



1892 a total length of 2,250 miles. There are 

 177 miles of private railroads. The western 

 system, starting from Cape Town and running 

 to the diamond district of Griqualand West, 

 with an extension running into British Bechu- 

 analand in the direction of the British South 

 Africa Company's territory, is joined by cross 

 lines to the lines running from Port Elizabeth 

 and East London to the border of the Orange 

 Free State, beyond which they join the line 



that extends through the Free State and into 

 the South African Republic, terminating at 

 1'ivloria. Direct, communication between the 

 capital of the Transvaal and Cape Town was 

 opened on Jan. 1, 1893. The Government ex- 

 pended 16,949,722 in the construction of these 

 lines, the cost per mile being 8,968. The re- 

 ceipts were 1,896,376, and the expenses 1.1 17,- 

 649 for 1891, when there were carried 4.342.547 

 passengers, and 672,760 tons of freight. The 

 Government receives a net profit of about 4f per 

 cent. 



There were 12,353.040 letters, 7,187,167 news- 

 papers, 370.579 postal cards, 1,699,920 books and 

 samples, and 603.792 parcels carried by the post- 

 office in 1891. The receipts were 252,199, and 

 the expenses, including the telegraph service, 

 282,273. The number of telegraph messages 

 transmitted during 1891 was 1,317.021. The 

 telegraph lines had a total length of 4,930 miles. 

 A project for the continuation of the telegraphs 

 of the Cape and the South Africa Company from 

 the present terminus at Fort Salisbury through 

 the continent of Africa is entertained by the 

 promoters of the South Africa Company. The 

 line would cross Portuguese East Africa on the 

 Zambesi, and extend through Nyassaland and 

 the lake region to Uganda and thence to the 

 Nile, connecting with the Egyptian and Euro- 

 pean telegraphs, reducing the cost of telegraph- 

 ing from South Africa from 9s. to 2s. a word. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 June 30, 1891, was 5,557,019, including loans 

 amounting to 1,413,143. The amount pro- 

 duced by taxation was 1,654,583 ; receipts from 

 the services, $2,098,351 ; from the colonial es- 

 tate, 348,143; fines, stores issued, etc., 42,- 

 829. The total expenditure was 6,436,007, of 

 which 1,220.963 went for the service of the debt, 

 1,117,953 for expenses of the rail roads, 152,430 

 for defense, 234,364 for police, and 126,831 

 for the civil establishment, while 1,913,504 

 were expended under act of Parliament. The 

 estimated ordinary expenditure for 1892-'93 is 

 4,642,986. The development of the Transvaal 

 gold fields has benefited the revenue of Cape 

 Colony greatly; but expenditure has increased 

 at an equal pace, although the competition of 

 Natal is likely to prevent a further large growth 

 of the revenue from this source. The revenue 

 for the year ending June 30, 1893. was 5,008,- 

 241, and the expenditure 4,689,424. The pub- 

 lic debt of the colony on Jan. 1, 1892, amounted 

 to 23,206,206, exclusive of 1,632,962 of debts of 

 harbor boards and corporations guaranteed by 

 the colony. Nearly three quarters of the debt 

 was raised for railroad construction. In Jan- 

 uary, 1893, a new loan of 1,454,611 was raised 

 at 8^ per cent, interest. 



A New Ministry. The ministry, in conse- 

 quence of dissensions among its members, re- 

 signed, and a new one was constituted on May 3 

 as follows: Premier, Cecil Rhodes; Treasurer- 

 General and Minister of Agriculture. Sir Gordon 



Sprigg; Commissioner of Crown Lands, 



Laing; Attorney-General, W. P. Schreiner; 

 Colonial Secretary, P. H. Faure ; Secretary of 



Native Affairs, Frost. The Cape Parliament 



was opened on June 20. On July 1 the Bechu- 

 analand Protectorate entered the customs union, 

 and the postal service of British Bechuanaland 



