CITIES, AMERICAN. (CARBONDALE, CARLISLE.) 



155 



donees arc of brick and stone. The water supply 

 is ilniwn from Arkansas river, and IB filtered Ana 

 jmrilied In-fore being sent through the mains. 

 Tin- u at IT works are the property of the city. 

 The pressure is sufficient for fire protection. 

 Klertric lighting is in use, and there is telephone 

 communication with the neighboring towns and 

 mining camps. The public-school building is of 

 stone. A Catholic academy is completing a new 

 structure. The churches are respectively Meth- 

 od i>t Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Cumber- 

 land Presbyterian, Episcopal, Christian, and 

 Catholic. The Young Men s Christian Associa- 

 tion numbers 134. The city government con- 

 sists of a mayor and 6 trustees. The countv 

 bank is at Cafion City, and there is also a build- 

 ing and loan association. Two weekly news- 

 papers are published, and there are 3 hotels. 

 The industries of the city include a zinc-lead 

 smelter for complex ores, employing from 50 to 

 100 men ; tile and brick works, the plant of 

 which cost $80,000; machine shops and boiler 

 works ; flouring mills with a capacity of 100 

 barrels, representing a capital of $60,000; a 

 cigar factory, and bottling works. The State 

 Penitentiary is here, the massive stone walls of 

 which inclose about 7 acres. At the hot soda 

 springs, at the entrance of the Grand Cafion 

 of the Arkansas, on the south side of the river, 

 there is a hotel with bath houses. The water as 

 it flows from the spring is at 102 Fahrenheit. 

 There are cold soda springs also. Fine lime is 

 manufactured from the magnesian limestone 

 with which the county abounds, as it does in 

 many species of clay and kaolin, building stone, 

 gypsum, alabaster, mica, and mineral paint. 



SOUTH CASON, with a population by the last 

 census of 801, was incorporated in 1890. It is a 

 purely agricultural town, and has a complete 

 system of irrigation, raising large quantities of 

 fruit. In the public school 210 pupils are en- 

 rolled. Water is supplied from the pumping 

 station of the zinc-lead smelter at Cafion City. 



Carbondale, a city of Pennsylvania, in Lacka- 

 wanna County, in the northeastern part of the 

 State, on Lackawanna river, near the north end 

 of the Lackawanna valley, 16 miles from Scran- 

 ton, the county seat, and 15 from Honesdale. 

 It lias an altitude of 1,079 feet. The population 

 in 1880 was 7,714, and it increased to 10,833 in 

 1890. The first log house was built in Carbon- 

 dale in 1824, and in 1829 the Delaware and 

 Hudson gravity railroad was completed, <ver 

 which the ' Stourbridge Lion," the first engine 

 in America, was successfully run the same year. 

 Hail road facilities are now afforded by the same 

 road (which crosses the Moosic mountains, 850 

 fed above the valley, by means of inclined 

 planes), the Delaware and Hudson, the New 

 York, Lake Erie and Western, and the New 

 York, Ontario and Western, there being 64 pas- 

 senger trains a day. Carbondale received its 

 name from Washington Irving; it was incor- 

 porated in 1851, and a wooden courthouse was 

 erected which cost $3.000. The Delaware and 

 Hudson Canal Company, which operates most 

 of the great coal mines here, has a capital of 

 $5,000,000 invested. Unlike most coal districts, 

 the central portion of the city is not under- 

 mined, and deeds for property in the business 

 portion are made without the coal-reserve clause. 



An electric railway connects with the suburban 

 towns of Simpson on the north, and Jcnnyn, 

 Mayfield, and Arch bald on the south. Gas and 

 electric lighting are in use; the city has a com- 

 plete sewerage system, and many of the streets 

 arc paved with vitrified brick. Two water com- 

 panies are capitalized at $90,000. There are 2 

 banks, 1 national. One daily and 1 weekly 

 newspaper are published. The new public hos- 

 pital cost $20,000. and there is a new city hall 

 under construction, to cost $50,000. The vari- 

 ous religious denominations are represented, and 

 a new Methodist church building will cost $40,- 

 000. A Catholic convent is also here. The new 

 high school cost, with the ground. $41,500, and 

 one of the larger public-school buildings cost 

 $21,000. The opera house has a seating capacity 

 of 1,100. A large coal and iron company has 

 $2,000,000 invested here, and 2 coal companies 

 are capitalized at $500,000 and $300,000. One 

 large company has machine shops and oil works 

 for the manufacture of appliances connected 

 with the refining of petroleum t.nd extracting 

 paraffine wax from trie oil, in addition to vari- 

 ous specialties which it turns out. Another 

 large industry is a foundry with machine shops, 

 valued at $250,000. The city is the headquar- 

 ters of a large lumber interest. 



At MAYFIELD are the Erie, Glenwood, and 

 Keystone collieries, the first of which has a 

 Thompson-Houston electric haulage plant, the 

 only one of its kind in this part of the anthra- 

 cite region ; the last two employ together 750 

 men. 



At JERMYN, which is a small borough, with a 

 population of 2,700 by the census of 1890, and 

 has water works, electric lighting, and excellent 

 railroad facilities, one coal shaft employs 450 

 men and boys. Several factories are at Jermyn, 

 and a handsome Catholic church has recently 

 been erected. 



Carlisle, a borough of Pennsylvania, county 

 seat of Cumberland County, 19 miles west of 

 Harrisburg and 125 miles from Philadelphia, in 

 the center of the Cumberland valley. It is pic- 

 turesquely situated on a rising ground, with 

 wide, well-made streets, lighted by gas and elec- 

 tricity. It is on the main line of the Cumber- 

 land Valley Railroad, over which there are 14 

 passenger trains daily, and also on the Phila- 

 delphia and Reading Railroad, which has 12 

 trains a day. The population in 1880 was 6,209, 

 and in 1890 it had increased to 7,620. The first 

 settlement of Carlisle took place in 1751. There 

 is a iree mail delivery ; the usual telegraph and 

 telephone facilities are afforded, and there are 

 2 express companies. Two daily and 3 weekly 

 newspapers are published. In addition to 3 

 banks there are 3 building and loan associations. 

 A good system of water works supplies pure 

 water, and for fire protection there are 3 steam 

 engines and hose carriages, as well as a hook 

 and ladder company. The churches number 15, 

 and the Young Men's Christian Association 

 owns its own building. There are 2 high schools 

 and 23 public schools. Dickinson College, one 

 of the oldest in the country, is here; it was 

 founded in 1783, and was originally a Presby- 

 terian institution. In 1816 it was suspended, 

 but in 1822 was revived, and in 1838 was trans- 

 ferred to the Methodists, to whom it still be- 



