156 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (COLUMBIA, DANVILLE.) 



longs. It employs 13 professors and instructors, 

 and has 300 students. Its library contains 30,- 



000 volumes. There is also an endowed school 

 for young ladies. The United States training 

 school for Indians, which occupies the barracks 

 built in 1777 principally by the Hessians cap- 

 tured at Trenton, capable 'of containing 2,000 

 men, has now 800 pupils. There is a fine mar- 

 ket house and market, as the borough lies in a 

 rich agricultural country. The manufactures, 

 which employ 1,200 persons, with a monthly 

 pay roll of $40,000, embrace extensive car shops, 

 steam-engine works, chain, axle, frog, and switch 

 works, 3 shoe and 2 carpet factories, a silk mill, 



1 paper-box and 1 clothing factory, carriage, 

 novelty and electro-plating works, and smaller 

 industries. The town is growing, nearly 100 

 new houses having been under construction in 

 the spring of 1893. 



Columbia, a borough of Pennsylvania, in 

 Lancaster County, on the eastern bank of Sus- 

 quehanna river, in the southeastern part of the 

 State, 80 miles from Philadelphia, 24 from Har- 

 risburg, and 12 from Lancaster, the county seat. 

 In 1880 it had a population of 8,312, which in- 

 creased to 10,599 in 1890. The borough was laid 

 out in 1788, and incorporated in 1814. There 

 are 25 passenger trains daily over the Pennsyl- 

 vania and the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- 

 roads. Over a million and a half cars moved 

 here during 1892. It is the terminus also of the 

 Pennsylvania and Tide-water Canals. The Sus- 

 quehanna, here a mile wide, is spanned by a cov- 

 ered railroad bridge connecting Columbia with 

 Wrightsville, and there is also a steam ferry. 

 A railroad 44 miles Jong connects with Port De- 

 posit, Md. There are over 14 miles of macad- 

 amized streets, and nearly 29 miles of paved side- 

 walks, in Columbia. Gas and electric lighting 

 are in use ; water is supplied from the river in 

 abundance, and there is an efficient fire depart- 

 ment, with 3 steam engines and a hook and lad- 

 der company. One private and 3 national banks 

 have a capital and surplus of over $1,000,000. 

 The tax rate is 4 mills, and the valuation low. 

 There are 7 building associations, 2 express com- 

 panies, and the usual telegraph and telephone 

 facilities. A free postal delivery system is in 

 operation. Two daily and 4 weekly newspapers 

 are published. There are 16 churches and 5 

 public school buildings, in addition to 2 pa- 

 rochial schools and 2 private academies ; a pub- 

 lic library, 3 markets, an opera house that cost 

 $80,000, 2 public halls, a public park and a 

 driving park, and 2 lines of electric railway. 

 The surrounding scenery is fine. As Columbia 

 is only 60 miles from the anthracite coal fields, 

 there are extensive coal wharves along the line 

 of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Over $400,000 

 are disbursed annually to employees of this road 

 and of the Philadelphia and Reading, the two 

 giving employment to 700 men. Over $1,500.000 

 are paid yearly in wages by the manufacturing 

 establishments, which include 4 rolling mills 

 employing 1,000 hands, stove works, a gray-iron 

 casting company, a factory of laundry machin- 

 ery, a lace mill employing 300 persons and turn- 

 ing out 4 tons of lace curtains weekly; a flour 

 mill with capacity of 200 barrels daily, a silk 

 mill employing 500 persons, a shirt factory, a 

 steam engine and boiler shop, planing mills, 3 



tobacco warehouses and 7 cigar factories, a wagon 

 company, and a steam cracker bakery, as well as 

 several smaller industries, among which arc a 

 steam tannery, a flint mill, 4 machine shops and 

 foundries, 3 large stone crushers, a shoe, a fagot, 

 a basket, and a slate-mantel factory, a steam ice 

 plant, with capacity of 30 tons daily, 2 steam 

 brick works, a brewery, and a factory' of pocket- 

 books. Sites and water for manufacturing are 

 offered free. 



Danyille, a city of Illinois, the county seat 

 of Vermilion County, 4 miles west of the bound- 

 ary of the State, on Vermilion river, at the con- 

 fluence of its north fork, 124 miles south of Chi- 

 cago, 85 from Indianapolis, and 54 from Terre 

 Haute. Stony Creek cuts through the eastern 

 part of the city, which for the main part is 

 built upon a plateau 90 feet above the river 

 and 523 above sea level. The population in- 

 creased from 7,733 in 1880 to 11,491 in 1890. 

 In 1870 it was 4,751. One hundred and twenty- 

 two trains arrive and depart every twenty-four 

 hours over the main line of the Wabash Rail- 

 road, the Chicago and Eastern Illinois, the Pe- 

 oria division of the " Big Pour," and the Chi- 

 cago, Vincennes and Cairo. The fine natural 

 drainage is supplemented by sewerage of the 

 Waring system, and the city is lighted by gas 

 and electricity. The business streets and many 

 in the residence portion are paved with vitrified 

 brick, as is the public square. Maple and other 

 shade trees add to the beauty of the residence 

 streets, and there are 8 miles of Thompson- 

 Houston electric street railway, representing an 

 expenditure of $150,000. The water company, 

 which has 17 miles of mains, draws its supply 

 from the North Fork of Vermilion riviir, and 

 has also constructed a lake reservoir with a 

 capacity of 7,000,000 gallons, fed by natural 

 springs, into which water can be pumped also 

 from the river for storage. Two horizontal 

 duplex pumping engines have a combined ca- 

 pacity of 4,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours, 

 and the standpipe is 200 feet high. The paid 

 fire department has a Gaynor system of alarm. 

 There are 4 banks 3 national and 1 State ; 7 

 building and loan associations ; 6 Methodist, 3 

 Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 2 Lutheran, 1 Episco- 

 pal, 1 Disciple, 1 United Brethren, and 2 Catho- 

 lic churches, 3 of which together represent an 

 expenditure of over $100,000 ; and 8 public- 

 school buildings valued at $140,000, in which 58 

 teachers are employed, and the enrollment is 

 3,000. There are also 2 parochial schools (1 

 Catholic and 1 German Lutheran), an academy 

 for young ladies belonging to the Catholics, 

 which cost $40,000, and a business college. The 

 city library contains nearly 7,000 volumes. The 

 opera house has a seating capacity of 1,300, as 

 has the armory, and there are 3 large halls, and 

 3 parks. Three daily papers are published, and 

 5 weeklies, 1 in German. The hospital is un- 

 der the direction of the Catholics. The Fifty- 

 first Congress appropriated $100,000 for a Fed- 

 eral building. Danville lies on the northeast- 

 ern outcrop of the great coal fields of Illinois, 

 the seam, except immediately under the old part 

 of the city, averaging a thickness of 5| feet, and 

 in some places the coal is so near the surface 

 that it is only necessary to strip off a shallow 

 layer of earth to expose it. The output from 



