CITIES, AMERICAN. (DUNKIRK, DURANOO.) 



157 



tin- Danville fh'lds is placed at 1,500,000 tons 

 yearly. Moiv tlian 1,000 rtiilrond men are em- 

 jilnyt'il here, the shops of the Chicago and East- 

 rn Illinois employing H(K, and disbursing be- 

 i *:W,000 and $40,000 monthly. The shops 

 df tin- Wabash Railroad are at the little Tillage 

 of Tilton, across the river, which is included in 

 the township; they employ about 200 men. Three 

 hominy mills run night and day, and there are 

 4 llonrini: mills also, in addition to 2 planing 

 mills, :{ galvanized-iron works, 8 foundries and 

 machine shops, 2 boiler works, 4 carriage and 

 buggy, 1 woolen, and 1 knitting factory ; another 

 of lounges and mattresses, 1 of excelsior, 1 of 

 grain-weighing machines, 1 of automatic bell- 

 ringers, a large sawmill for the production of 

 wagon timber, and a heading factory; a starch 

 company with a capacity of 3,000 bushels of 

 corn daily, a soap factory,' 2 of patent medicines, 

 6 of cigars, a brewery and bottling works, and 

 2 blank-book and binding establishments. A 

 large quarry of limestone near the city is being 

 worked, and there are quarries of sandstone and 

 sand, while the fine clay beds along Vermilion 

 river are utilized in the manufacture of paving 

 brick, a company having purchased 80 acres and 

 erected brick buildings at a cost of $50,000. 

 Three kilns have a capacity of 100,000 each, and 

 2 others are in process of erection. 



Dunkirk, a city and port of entry in Chau- 

 tauqua County, N. Y., on Lake Erie, nearly mid- 

 way between Buffalo, N. Y., and Erie, Pa. It 

 has an excellent harbor, and is the terminus of 

 the New York, Lake Erie and Western and the 

 Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburg Rail- 

 roads and on the main line of the Lake Shore 

 and .Michigan Southern, the New York, Chicago 

 and St. Louis, and the Western New York and 

 Pennsylvania. In 1880 the population was 7,248, 

 and it'increased to 9,416 in 1890. In 1893 it was 

 about 12,000. It was incorporated as a village in 

 1837, as a township in 1859, and as a city in 1880. 

 The city is in and is a portion of the township of 

 Dunkirk. The name was given to the place 

 (originally Chadwick's Bay) by Elisha Jenkins in 

 1818, for Dunkirk in France, on account of its 

 harbor resemblance. The electric-light plant and 

 the water works are owned by the city. The last 

 are of the Holly system, and cost $100,000. The 

 supply is drawn through a crib in Lake Erie, near 

 the beacon light. In 1889 there were 20 miles of 

 mains, and 112 fire hydrants with pressure suffi- 

 cient to render the use of fire engines superflu- 

 ous. There are about 6 miles of paved streets, a 

 lieaul iful park, and a complete system of sewers ; 

 -' national banks with joint capital of $205,000; 

 15 churches, of which 2 are Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 

 copal, 3 Lutheran, 3 Methodist (1 German), 1 Bap- 

 tist, 1 Hollander, and 3 Catholic (respectively 

 lri>h, German, and Polish, each with a parochial 

 school), and a Catholic orphan asylum. The pub- 

 lic schools number 12. One dally and 2 weekly 

 newspapers are published, and there is an opera 

 house. An electric street railroad connects the 

 city with Predonia, 3 miles distant. On Point 

 Gratiot, about a mile and a half beyond the busi- 

 ness portion, is a beautiful summer resort known 

 as Hickoryhurst. Dunkirk has an altitude of 

 598 feet above sea level. Being on the south- 

 eastern shore of the lake, the harbor is free from 

 ice earlier than Buffalo. The receipts of the port 



for the year 1890 were 20,851 tons. It is sur- 

 rounded by an agricultural and dairying district, 

 and among its manufacturing establishments are 

 large locomotive works, which in 1889 employed 

 nearly 1,000 men. The capacity of the wonts was 

 250 engines a year. There are also iron works, 

 car heater and radiator companies, several planing 

 and flour and feed mills, a brewery, and minor 

 manufactures. 



Diirango, a city of Colorado, the county seat 

 of La Plata County, and metropolis of the south- 

 western part of the State, known as the San Juan 

 country, in the valley of Animas river, sheltered 

 by mountains and foothills, 450 miles from Den- 

 ver. The river runs through the entire length 

 of the city, about 2 miles, with 2 creeks flowing 

 into it, one near the north and the other near the 

 south end. It has an altitude of 6,405 feet. It 

 was laid out as a site in 1880, and patents for the 

 land were obtained from the United States Gov- 

 ernment in 1881. The same year it was incor- 

 porated and became the county seat. By the last 

 Federal census it had a population of 2,726, and 

 in 1893 it claimed between 7,000 and 10,000. The 

 gross receipts of the post-office for the year end- 

 ing Dec. 31, 1891, were $8,071. It is the terminus 

 of the Denver and Rio Grande and the Rio Grande 

 Southern Railroads, and also of the Silverton 

 branch of the former. The two portions of the 

 city are connected by a bridge. On the first 

 mesa on the eastern bank are the business blocks, 

 buildings, and warehouses, and on the second 

 mesa, east of the first, stand the residences, 

 churches, schoolhouses, and public buildings. 

 On the third mesa is the reservoir. More than 

 $1.000,000 were expended in building during 

 1892. The streets are 80 feet wide, with the ex- 

 ception of Third Street, or the Boulevard, which 

 is 125 feet in width. There are two public parks. 

 By reason of the location the city is almost self- 

 drained, and can be easily sewered. Bonds for 

 sewerage have just been issued. Water is pumped 

 from the river, by the Holly system, to the reser- 

 voir, which has a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons. 

 The pressure is 164 pounds, and the water mains 

 are 8 inches in diameter. The water works are 

 owned by the city, and cost $100,000. There are 

 65 fire hydrants, an electric system of fire alarm, 

 and a volunteer fire department. Electric light- 

 ing was introduced in 1885, and there is an elec- 

 tric street-car line, the company being capital- 

 ized at $250,000. In 1889 6 blocks of the city 

 were destroyed by fire, the loss being placed at 

 $500,000. They 'are now rebuilt in brick and 

 stone, and are valued at $3,000,000. There is a 

 stone hospital, with accommodations for 100 per- 

 sons, under the care of the Catholic Sisters of 

 Mercy. The building cost $40,000. There are 

 7 churches, those of the Presbyterians and Epis- 

 copalians being of stone ; 2 belong to the Metho- 

 dists, and the remainder are 1 Lutheran, 1 Catho- 

 lic, and 1 Baptist. There are 2 large brick 

 public-school houses and a high-school building 

 that cost $30,000. The school population is 

 placed at 850. There is in addition a Catholic 

 academy for young ladies, and a parochial school. 

 Two daily and 8 weekly newspapers are pub- 

 lished. The city has 2 national, 1 State, and 2 

 savings banks, and one local building and loan 

 association. The county courthouse was erected 

 at a cost of $80,000. The city hall was destroyed 



