160 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (HAMILTON, HELENA.) 



Antietam creek, surrounded by beautiful scen- 

 ery, 75 miles by rail from Washington, 80 from 

 Baltimore, and. 175 from Philadelphia; 12 miles 

 from the battlefield of Antietam, and 32 from 

 that of Gettysburg. The plateau on which it is 

 built is 700 feet above tide water, and commands 

 a view of the four States of Virginia, West Vir- 

 ginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. In addition 

 to 6 railroad lines the Martinsburg and Poto- 

 mac, the Baltimore and Western, the Cumber- 

 land Valley, the Baltimore and Ohio, the West- 

 ern Maryland, and the Shenandoah Valley, over 

 which there are 50 passenger trains daily 

 there are 9 macadamized roads leading into 

 the country, which afford beautiful drives and 

 fine wheeling for bicyclists. Hagerstown is the 

 third city of Maryland, having a population in 

 1890 of 10,118, which had increased from 6,627 

 in 1880. The natural drainage of the city is ex- 

 cellent, and its reservoir of pure mountain water 

 lies 7 miles away at the base of the Blue Ridge. 

 The pressure is 80 pounds to the square inch. 

 Electric lights are employed in illumination, in 

 addition to gas, and an electric street railway 

 was chartered in 1890. Four daily newspapers 

 are published. Of 6 banks, 2 are national and 

 2 savings. There is an academy of music and 

 an opera house, a county courthouse which cost 

 $100,000, a large market, an orphan home, a 

 Keeley institute, churches of all denominations, 

 the edifices of the Catholics, Presbyterians, and 

 Episcopalians being of cut stone, and 3 public- 

 scnool buildings, the enrollment in which in 

 1888-'89 was 1,565, while that of the parochial 

 schools was 300. Kee Mar College, tor young 

 women, comprises 3 large brick buildings south of 

 the city, with 16 professors and teachers, and over 

 100 pupils. It is forty years old. The soil here, 

 at the junction of the Cumberland and Shenan- 

 doah valleys, is rich and fertile, and abounds in 

 mineral resources as yet undeveloped. Fine tim- 

 ber is found within thirty miles. The industries 

 of Hagerstown number 90, with capital of 

 $5,000,000, and employ 5,000 hands. They in- 

 clude a silk mill manufacturing ribbons, a cot- 

 ton mill, 1 steam engine and machine works, 

 2 planing mills, iron works, paper mills, spoke 

 and bending works, a rim factory, a knitting and 

 a hosiery company, 2 fence companies, churn 

 and crate works, 3 furniture factories, 2 bicycle 

 works, rope works, 1 ice, 1 canning, and 8 cigar 

 factories, a glove factory, a window-glass com- 

 pany, 4 marble and granite works, a paint mill, 

 unfermented wine works, 4 fertilizer factories, 

 1. establishment turning out steam hay packers 

 and another agricultural implements, chair 

 works, a mattrass and upholstering company, 

 carriage and wagon factories, 6 bottling work's, 

 2 flouring mills, and 1 grain elevator. A Chau- 

 tauqua circle was inaugurated at Hagerstown in 

 the summer of 1893. 



Hamilton, a city of Ohio, the county seat 

 of Butler County, in the southwestern part of 

 the State, 20 miles from Cincinnati, on Miami 

 river and the Miami and Erie Canal, both of 

 which flow directly through the city, the latter 

 having 2 locks within the limits. It is also on 

 the main line of the Great Pan Handle Railroad, 

 and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton. 

 There are 23 passenger trains daily between the 

 city and Cincinnati. In 1880 it had a population 



of 12,122. which increased to 17,565 in 1890. It 

 has an altitude of 591 feet above sea level. Ham- 

 ilton is a century old, and in 1891 it celebrated its 

 beginning as a fort, erected, in September, 1791, 

 by Gen. St. Clair, and named in honor of the 

 Secretary of the Treasury. Three years later the 

 town of Hamilton was laid out on the same spot. 

 It was incorporated as a village and made the 

 county seat in 1810, became a town in 1827, and 

 in 1854 the neighboring town of Rossville was 

 annexed and it became a city. Surface drainage 

 to the river insures excellent sanitary conditions, 

 and is sufficient for the greater portion of the 

 streets. The water works, erected in 1884-'87 at 

 a cost of $300,000, draw their supply from a 

 series of driven wells. They are owned by the 

 city, as are the gas works, which cost $140,000. 

 There are 8 miles of electric street railway, an 

 efficient fire department, 6 public-school build- 

 ings, a county infirmary, and a children's home ; 

 1 Baptist, l' Episcopal, 1 Evangelical German 

 Protestant, 1 Jewish, 1 Lutheran, 3 Methodist 

 Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Reformed, 1 Uni- 

 versalist, 2 United Brethren, and 3 Roman Cath- 

 olic churches; a free circulating library and a 

 public library, each having a building of its own; 

 3 national banks, capitalized at $100,000 each ; 

 and 4 building and loan associations, with an ag- 

 gregate capital of $4,000,000. Two daily papers 

 are published, 4 weeklies (one in the German lan- 

 guage), and 2 monthlies. The old courthouse 

 and county buildings were torn down in 1883, 

 and a new courthouse was built in 1885-'87, for 

 which bonds were issued to the amount of $290,- 

 000. The manufactures of Hamilton include 5 

 paper mills (one turning out colored papers only), 

 knitting mills, a woolen mill, and 3 flouring 

 mills. 2 safe and lock companies, a stove foun- 

 dry, a company of gray-iron founders, factories 

 of paper-mill machinery, wood-working ma- 

 chinery, grain-cleaning, laundry, punching and 

 shearing machinery, and paper slitters, machine 

 tools, bent-wood work, plows, wagons, and agri- 

 cultural implements, furniture and furniture 

 specialties, traction engines and sawmills, cloth- 

 ing, gelatin, hub and spoke works, buggy and 

 carriage companies, iron foundries, 1 company 

 turning out steam pumps, 2 furniture casters, 1 

 autographic registers, 1 artistic tiles, 1 cider mills 

 and ice tools, as well as a separate factory for the 

 latter, 1 light machinery, 1 mattresses, and 1 

 turned-wood work. There are 5 malting con- 

 cerns and 1 brewery. In addition to the Fair 

 Grounds the city has a public park. 



Helena, a city of Arkansas, county seat of 

 Phillips County, at the foot of Crowley's Ridge, 

 on Mississippi river, midway between St. Louis 

 and New Orleans, 75 miles below Memphis and 

 100 miles from Little Rock. It is on the only 

 high land on the west bank of the Mississippi 

 south of Cairo, and has an altitude varying from 

 141 to 197 feet. In 1880 the population was 

 3,652, which increased to 5,189 in 1890. Trans- 

 portation facilities are afforded by the Arkansas 

 Midland and the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and 

 Southern Railroads, as well as by boats and 

 barges on the river. The city has gas and elec- 

 tric lights, a street railway, telegraph and tele- 

 phone facilities, water works supplied by artesian 

 wells 500 feet deep, with 6 miles of mains, the 

 reservoir being on one of the high hills ; an opera 



