EAST AFRICA. 



1'nited Kingdom, France, Germany, Holland, 

 Switzerland, an<l Scandinavia in the propor- 

 tion of tho-e \\ho can read and write, but is 

 alioul ei|iial to the United Stales, and ranks 

 higher than Belgium, Italy, Austria, Spain, and 

 Russia. 



According to provinces, Manitoba takes the 

 lead in the Dominion for the largest propor- 

 tionafe number of adults able to write. New 

 Mrnnswick does not make as favorable a showing 

 as the other provinces. The adult population of 



i Mr province is not as generally able to read or 

 write as twenty years ago. All the other prov- 

 inces have improved. 



Criminal Statistics. During the past year 

 5,924 persons were charged with indictable of- 

 fenses in the courts of Canada a decrease of 64, 

 compared with similar returns for the year be- 

 fore. Of the entire number accused, 4,030, or 

 s _>:: per 10,000 inhabitants, were convicted last 

 year, against 3,904, or 8'20 per 10,000 the pre- 

 vious year. Of the whole number convicted last 

 year, 289 were women, 714 were under sixteen 

 years of age, 820 were unable to read or write, 

 2,996 had received an elementary education, 91 a 

 superior education, 2,158 used liquor moderately, 

 1.740 used liquor to excess, 79'4 per cent, be- 

 longed to the cities, and 20-6 per cent, to the 

 country districts. 



The more important sentences passed were: 

 5 sentenced to death, 4 to penitentiary for life, 

 111 to imprisonment for five years or over, and 

 249 to imprisonment for two years and under 

 five. The prerogative of mercy was exercised 

 last year in 194 cases, including 5 death sen- 

 tences commuted to imprisonment for life, 

 against 120, including 1 death sentence, for the 

 year before. 



If to the number of convictions for indictable 

 offenses the summary convictions by justices of 

 the peace be added, the total is 34.415, or 2,418 

 fewer than for the preceding year. 



Criminals, as represented by the convictions 

 reported, have increased faster than the popula- 

 tion in British Columbia, Quebec, New Bruns- 

 wick, and Ontario ; while the provinces of Mani- 

 toba. Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and 

 the territories show increases of population 

 greater than the increase in criminal convic- 



tions. Manitoba is remarkable for having an 

 actual decrease of convicted criminals while in- 

 creasing its population 131 per cent. 



Summing up the results obtained from the 

 study of the criminal statistics of Canada. w 

 find that crime is on the decrease; that the 

 number of convictions proportionate to indict- 

 ments is larger than in most countries; that the 

 female population of Canada supplies fewer 

 criminals than that of other countries; that 

 juvenile crime is on the increase among boys, 

 while decreasing among girls; and that crime 

 has slightly increased in the cities and decreased 

 in the rural districts. 



Imperial Honors. A titled class has been 

 steadily growing in Canada for some time, and 

 though such dignities do not confer prestige 

 and social position to the degree they do in 

 Great Britain, they are, nevertheless, eagerly 

 sought after by many of the official and other 

 classes. There are now two Canadian peers Sir 

 George Stephen, created Lord Mount Stephen a 

 little over a year ago for his connection with the 

 Canadian Pacific Railway; and Charles Colmor 

 Grant, Baron De Longeiiil. This feudal barony 

 originated in a patent of nobility signed by 

 Louis XIV, granting the title to Charles Le 

 Moyne for distinguished services, and is remark- 

 able as creating not only a territorial barony, 

 but as also conferring a title of honor upon 

 himself and his descendants, whether male or 

 female. The cession of Canada to Great Britain 

 made no change in the legal right to hold 

 honors, and since this period each successive 

 head of the family has, by assumption of right, 

 used the title, but it was not officially recognized 

 by the British Government until 1880. There 

 is also a Canadian peeress, the Baroness Earns- 

 cliffe, who received that title after the death of 

 her husband, Sir John A. Macdonald, in 1891. 



Of Canadian baronets there are: Sir William 

 George Johnson, fourth baronet, created in 1755 ; 

 Sir James L. Robinson, second baronet, created 

 in 1854; Sir Charles Stuart, second baronet, 

 created in 1840; Sir William Rose, second 

 baronet, created in 1872; and Sir Charles Tup- 

 per, first baronet, created in 1888. There are 

 about 54 persons in Canada who hold the vari- 

 ous grades of knighthood. 



E 



EAST AFRICA. By the Anglo-German 

 agreements of Nov. 1, 1886, and July 1, 1890, the 

 British and German spheres in the coast and 

 lake regions of Africa east of the territories of 

 the Congo Free State are divided by a line 

 starting at the north bank of the Umba or 

 Wanga river, where it flows into the Indian 

 Ocean, extending in a northwest direction, pass- 

 ing round the north side of Mount Kilimanjaro, 

 so as to leave it within the German territory, 

 then continuing northwestward till it strikes 

 the shore of the Victoria Nyanza in 1 of south 

 latitude, and following that parallel across the 

 lake and to the westward till it reaches Mount 

 Mfumhiro, passing to the southward of the 

 mountain so as to leave it within the British 

 sphere, and recurving to the northward till it 



strikes the boundary of the Congo State in 30 

 of east longitude. By the Anglo-Italian agree- 

 ment of March 24, 1891, the English and Italian 

 spheres are divided by a line that ascends the 

 channel of the Juba river to 6 of north lati- 

 tude, follows that parallel westward to 35 of 

 east longitude, and then that meridian north- 

 ward to the Blue Nile. German East Africa, 

 conterminous on the west with the Congo Free 

 State, the boundary line running for the greater 

 part of its length through Lake Tanganyika, is 

 on the south separated from the Portuguese 

 East African possessions by the Rovuma river, 

 and from British Nyassaland by Lake Nyossa 

 and a line, defined in 1890, winch runs to the 

 northward of the Stevenson road, from the 

 northern extremity of Lake Nyassa to the 



