274 



EAST AFRICA. 



mander of canoes, and a single Miyai, or com- 

 mander of troops, one was to be appointed for 

 the Catholics and one for the Protestants, sub- 

 ject to the approval of the resident and the 

 last-named under his orders. The missionaries, 

 the British special commissioner, and the mili- 

 tary men were at one in the opinion that the 

 Protestants and Catholics in Uganda could not 

 be allowed to intermingle again without a re- 

 currence of disorders, and that spheres of mis- 

 sionary activity should be settled upon to pre- 

 vent the occurrence of similar religious wars in 

 the neighboring countries. The local heads of 

 the missions had no authority to divide the field 

 definitively, but they entered into a temporary 

 verbal agreement to confine their labors, the 

 Catholics to the north and west, the Protestants 

 to the countries east of the Nile toward the 

 Indian Ocean. Both were desirous of establish- 

 ing missions near Mount Ruwenzori, and Bishop 

 Tucker would not consent to abandon to the 

 Catholics the country between the lakes, but he 

 agreed to establish no stations in Toru for six 

 months. 



Capt. Lugard, when his position was precari- 

 ous, went out. of his way to conciliate the 

 Mohammedans, who are the most intelligent 

 and civilized, though the least numerous of the 

 three religious factions of the Waganda, or four, 

 counting the adherents of the old pagan re- 

 ligion of Lubare, a kind of Nature worship, who 

 have so dwindled latterly as to be unable to 

 take a part in the struggle for supremacy. 

 The Mohammedans knew that they were doomed 

 to extinction if the country was annexed to the 

 British Empire, and as soon as they saw that Sir 

 Gerald Portal's proceeding tended to no other 

 result they decided to frustrate it if they could. 

 In the middle of June Sir Gerald Portal de- 

 parted for the coast, and immediately afterward 

 the Mohammedan chiefs, acting under the ad- 

 vice of Selirn Bey, a former lieutenant of Emin 

 Pasha, begun to raise legal difficulties regarding 

 the way that they had been treated. They made 

 advances to the Catholic party to form 'an alli- 

 ance for the purpose of sweeping the Protestants 

 and the English out of the country and defending 

 its independence. Capt. Macdonald, co-operat- 

 ing with the French priests, induced the Catho- 

 lics to join with the Protestants, and Selim's 

 own Nubian soldiers, having taken the pay of 

 the English and eaten their salt, refused to rebel. 

 The Mohammedan Waganda rose in rebellion, 

 and were crushed by the united Protestants and 

 Catholics and driven out of the country. Sir 

 Gerald Portal, who had turned back on receiv- 

 ing a dispatch from Capt. Macdonald. conveyed 

 Selim Bey and Mboko, the Mohammedan King, 

 as prisoners of war on his return journey to the 

 coast, which he reached about the end of Sep- 

 tember, Selim having died on the journey. 



German East Africa. The German "posses- 

 sions in East Africa, estimated to have an area 

 of 380.000 square miles and 1,760,000 inhabit- 

 ants, passed out of the control of the German 

 East Africa Company after the suppression by 

 the German imperial forces of the Arab revolt 

 of 1889. The German Government appointed 

 an imperial commissioner to administer the 

 country, leaving the company its commercial 

 development. The value of the imports for 



1890 was $2,654,919, and for 1891 it was $2.820,- 

 264. The exports were valued at 5,015,915 

 rupees in 1890, and in 1891 at $2,353,000. The 

 export of ivory was valued at $1,330,000, and 

 of rubber at $239.565. An antislavery com- 

 mittee undertook to discharge the German obli- 

 gations regarding the suppression of the slave 

 trade. Under official patronage it raised a capi- 

 tal of 2,100,000 marks by a lottery and private 

 subscriptions. Of this, more than 1,500.000 

 marks had been expended before the spring of 

 1893, of which 660,000 marks went for the ex- 

 pedition of Capt. Wissmann, having for its ob- 

 ject the establishment of stations on Lake Tan- 

 ganyika and the placing of a steamer, the " Wiss- 

 mann," on the lake. Owing to the disturbed 

 condition of the interior, resulting from the 

 operations of the Congo State against the Arab 

 slave raiders, Capt. Wissmann was unable to es- 

 tablish himself on Tanganyika and attack the 

 slave trade in its stronghold among the Yaos. 

 He launched the steamer on Lake Nyassa in- 

 stead, and built a station at the north end of 

 that lake. This station and the steamer were 

 transferred to the Imperial Government in 

 July, 1893. Baron von Soden, who was made 

 imperial commissioner after the pacification of 

 the coast Arabs in 1890, returned to Germany 

 in April, 1893, and was replaced byFreiherr von 

 Schele. A company has been formed for the 

 construction of a railroad from Tanga to Kara- 

 gwe, to open up to commerce the rich Usambara 

 district. A central railroad from Dar-es-Salam 

 to the Victoria Nyan/a or to Tabora is also con- 

 templated. The boundary between the German 

 and English possessions in the vicinity of Mount 

 Kilimanjaro has been delimited by a joint com- 

 mission consisting of Dr. Karl Peters and C. S. 

 Smith, British consul at Zanzibar, and defined 

 in an agreement signed at Berlin in July, 1893. 

 Freiherr von Schele set out from the coast for 

 Kilimanjaro on July 6 to re-establish in that 

 district the authority of the German Govern- 

 ment, which had been set at naught by Meli, 

 the son and successor of the Sultan Mandara 

 since his victory over the German troops in 

 June, 1892. On Aug. 12 Meli's fortified camp 

 was stormed by the Askari soldiers and taken 

 after a sharp fight, in which a German lieutenant 

 and 4 men were killed and 24 were wounded. 

 Another expedition was sent out to punish and 

 subjugate the Wahehes in Ugogo. The colcnial 

 troops stormed Kanjenje, the stronghold of the 

 chief Sinjangaro, and captured it, with the loss 

 of several men, including 1 lieutenant killed and 

 1 wounded. 



Nyassaland. The districts that were the 

 scene of operations of Scotch missionaries and 

 of the African Lakes Company, situated west 

 of Lake Nyassa and south of it along the Shire 

 river, were declared to be within the sphere of 

 British influence in 1889, and were proclaimed a 

 British protectorate on May 14, 1891. The popu- 

 lation is about 2,000,000, of whom 900,000 are in 

 8 districts administered by British officials. The 

 imperial commissioner is H. H. Johnston. A 

 military force of 100 Sikhs and 150 Zanzibaris is 

 maintained, and there are besides two gunboats 

 on the lower Shire, an armed steamer on the 

 upper Shire, and two gunboats on Lake Nyassa. 

 The regions not occupied by British forces are 



