FRANC K. 



317 



special Inn-inn or committee, which reports to 

 the Chambers. The Deputies receive 9,000 

 francs, ami the Senators 15,000 franca, annually. 

 The I'roident gets (i(M>,(KK) francs salary, and an 

 oqual amount for his expenses. 



The 1'iv-iduii of the rcpulilic is Mario Fran- 

 <;ois Sadi Carnot, born in ls:{7, elected on the 

 resignation of Jules drew. Dec. 8, 1887. The 

 ministry at the beginning of 1893 was composed 

 of the following members : President of the 

 Council and Minister of the Interior, M. Ilibot; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, M. Devclle; Minis- 

 . tor of Finance, M. Tirard ; Minister of Public 

 Instruction and Worship, M. Dupuy; Minister 

 of Justice, M. Hourgeois: Minister of War, Gen. 

 Loixillon ; Minister of Marine and Colonies, M. 

 Hurdeau ; Minister of Public Works, M. Viette; 

 Minister of Agriculture, M. Viger; Minister of 

 Commerce, M. Siegfried. 



Commerce. The value of the imports in the 

 general commerce in 1891 was 5,938,000,000 

 francs (1 france=19i cents), and that of the ex- 

 ports 4,730,000,000 francs. The special imports, 

 which embrace only those intended for home 

 consumption, amounted to 4,768,000,000 francs ; 

 and the special exports, consisting of merchan- 

 dise of French production, were valued at 3,570,- 

 000,000 francs. Of the special imports, 1,653,- 

 000,000 francs represent food products, 2,419,- 

 000,000 francs raw products, and 650,000,000 

 francs manufactured goods. Among the exports, 

 food products were valued at 809,000,000 francs, 

 raw products at 835,000,000 francs, and manu- 

 factured goods at 1,926,000.000 francs. The 

 principal special imports and their values in 

 1891 were as follow : Cereals, 532,000,000 francs; 

 wine, 401.000,000 francs: raw wool, 340,000,000 

 francs; timber and wood, 251.000,000 francs; 

 raw silk, 249,000,000 francs; hides and furs, 

 215,000,000 francs; raw cotton, 204,000,000 

 francs; oil seeds, 200,000,000 francs; coal and 

 coke, 190,000,000 francs; coffee, 149,000,000 

 francs; woolen textiles, 75,000,000 francs; silk 

 textiles, 69,000,000 francs; cattle. 60,000,000 

 francs; foreign and colonial sugar, 55.000,000 

 francs; fruits, 51,000,000 francs; flax. 49,000,- 

 000 francs; cotton textiles, 45,000,000 francs. 

 Of the total special exports the principal ones 

 were: Woolen textiles, 327,000,000 francs : silk 

 textiles, 246.000,000 francs: wine, 246,000.000 

 francs; small wares, 152,000,000 francs; leather 

 goods, 139,000,000 francs; linen and linen cloth, 

 133,000,000 francs ; raw silk and silk yarn, 109,- 

 000.000 francs ; raw wool and woolen yarn, 109,- 

 000,000 francs; leather, 107,000,000 francs; cot- 

 ton textiles, 101,000,000 francs; cheese and but- 

 ter, 92,000,000 francs ; metal goods, tools, 89,000,- 



000 francs; skins and furs. 79,000,000 francs; 

 spirits, 75,000,000 francs ; chemical produce, 52,- 

 000.000 francs ; refined sugar, 50,000,000 francs. 



Of the total imports of the general trade, mer- 

 chandise to the amount of 4,298.000,000 francs 

 came by sea, 1,658,000,000 francs by French, and 

 2,640,000,000 francs by foreign ships, while 

 1,640,000,000 francs came by land. Of the ex- 



1 > .1 1 -. :}.206,000,000 francs went by sea, 1,740,- 

 000,000 francs by French, and 1,466,000,000 

 francs by foreign ships, while 1,525,000,000 

 francs went by land. 



The following table shows the special trade 

 with the leading Countries in 1891, in francs: 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at the ports of France during 1891 was 99.854, 

 of 21,717,185 tons, of which 81.331. of 20,138,398 

 tons, were with cargoes, and 18,523, of 1,578,787 

 tons, came in ballast. The total number cleared 

 was 100,775, of 22,118,847 tons, of which 74.964, 

 of 15,255,595 tons, were with cargoes, and 25,811, 

 of 6.863,252 tons, in ballast. Of the vessels en- 

 tered, 22,803, of 10,896,789 tons, were foreign, 

 !).::.">:!. of 4,703,818 tons, were French vessels in 

 the foreign trade, and 67,698, of 6,116,578 tons, 

 were French vessels in the coasting trade. Of 

 those cleared, 23,101, of 11.001,896 tons, were 

 foreign vessels, 9,976, of 5,000,373 tons, were 

 French vessels engaged in the foreign trade, and 

 67,698, of 6,116,578 tons, were French vessels in 

 the coasting trade. 



The commercial navy on Jan. 1, 1892, num- 

 bered 13,890 sailing vessels, of 426,207 tons, with 

 68,823 men in their crews, and 1.157 steamers, of 

 521,872 tons, with crews numbering 14,360. Of 

 the total, 280 sailing vessels, of 53,526 tons, and 

 250 steamers, of 165,985 tons, were engaged in 

 the European trade, while 324 sailing vessels, of 

 136,574 tons, and 187 steamers, of 315,279 tons. 

 were engaged in ocean navigation. 



Mails. In 1890 there passed through the post- 

 office 810,991,000 letters, 32,628,000 registered let- 

 ters and money orders of the declared value of 

 3,083,770,000 francs, 48,230,000 postal cards, and 

 973,092,000 samples and printed inclosures. The 

 internal traffic was 685,144,000 letters, 42,626,000 

 postal cards, 864,314,000 samples and printed in- 

 closures, and 30,721,000 registered letters and 

 money orders, of the declared value of 2,825,766,- 

 000 francs. 



The Army. Service in the army is compul- 

 sory for everv Frenchman physically fit to carry 

 arms. His liability to serve begins with the age 

 of twenty and ceases when he has attained the 

 age of forty-five. The army is organized into 

 the active army, the reserve of the active army, 

 the territorial army, and the territorial reserve. 

 The active army consists of all the young men, 

 enlisted annually for a term of three years, at 

 the end of which they form part of the reserve 

 of the active army for a term of ten years, then 

 are transferred to the territorial army for six 

 years, and finally belong to the reserve of the ter- 

 ritorial army for another term of six years. Part 

 of those belonging to the active army maybe re- 

 leased after one year's service, their number be- 

 ing fixed annually by the Minister of War and ^ 

 the individuals released being determined by lot. * 

 Men who are supporting a family may also be re- 

 leased after one year's service, while such as are 

 unable to read and write must serve at least two 

 years. Those unable to serve and those serving 

 less than three years in the active army pay a 



