GEOGRAPHICAL 1'ROGRKSS AND DISCOVKUY. 



UEltMAN STATION ON THE SLOPE OF KILIMANJARO. 



Sept. 22 we crossed the water divide, over 2,000 

 metres in height, to the broad Rusizi valley, extend- 

 ing northward from Tanganyika and inclosed on 

 both sides by lofty mountains. Judged by the direc- 

 tion of the valley, the Rusizi seems to come from the 

 northwest; I was told that it comes from a water, 

 possibly a lake, called Kiva, which is navigated by 

 canoes, and lies southwest of the Mfumbiro moun- 

 tains. Perhaps the Kiva is identical with the lake 

 Oso of the maps, but I could not find out. Three 

 days later we reached Tanganyika at Usige, where 

 we saw flourishing oil palms ana green parrots. The 

 lake is manifestly subsiding. 



From Dsige we again ascended the height of the 

 watershed of the Urundi .mountains and took a di- 

 rect southeasterly course toward Uha. On the way 

 we had bloody combats with the Watusi (Wahima), 

 and carried away over 200 head of cattle. The coun- 

 try is mountainous, traversed by southerly branches 

 or the Kagera, the most easterly of which, Luvirosa 

 creek, rises in 4 south latitude. Oct. 8, we ascended 

 the divide from the Mlagarasi, which forms a remark- 

 able climatic boundary ; for while west of it rain falls 

 almost daily, the land east of it we found to be com- 

 ph'telv dry, not a shower having fallen for weeks. 

 The Mlagarasi rises only a day's journey north of 

 Ojiji, forms a curve toward the north, and incloses 

 the well- wooded Jand of Uha. On the other side is 

 Muhambwe, and thence the route lay through light 

 uninhabited woodland to Kirambo, the boundary 

 district of Umamwvsi, and then through level wooded 

 regions by way of the mission Crambo to Usagali 

 and Tabora, Gombe river is only a succession of 

 pools. Mr. Shaw, of Drain bo, who has lived in the 

 region for ten years, siiys the rivers are becoming 

 smaller i-vi-ry yi'ar. May imt this be connected with 

 the falling of Tanganyika, since Mr. Shaw notices no 

 grriit ileci*ase in the rainfall. 



In Unyamyembe are many Watusi, mostly emi- 

 grants from Ussui and Urundi. They speak pure 

 Kirundi, called the Kitusi. I find that the name 

 "Uniamwesi"is not national, but is applied to the 

 country by the people on the coast, apparently be- 



VOL. xxxiii. 22 A 



cause the Arabs supposed that there was in this part 

 of Africa a " Moon Land." 



The map also shows the route taken by the 

 late Baron Fischer from Tabora to Victoria lake, 

 a route followed by no other European. 



The expedition of W. A. Chanler and Lieut 

 Ritter v. HOhnel, in 1892-'93, in the country 

 eastward of Mount Kenia. has led through some 

 hitherto unexplored regions. They passed up 

 Tana river to the mouth of its tributary, the 

 Mackenzie, followed that to its source, then 

 traveled north and northwest until they struck 

 the Guasso-Njiro, and followed it to its ending 

 in a swampy region called Lorian, at 39 38' east 

 longitude. It has been supposed that this river 

 was tributary to the Tana. This whole region 

 seems to be uninhabited. Most of the land 

 passed over is hillv. and extinct volcanic crater? 

 were observed. The Mackenzie is described as a 

 charming little stream, rising in mountains 

 called the Djambeni chain. This region is in- 

 habited bv a large population of farming people, 

 the Wa-Embe. On the west of the mountains 

 are the Wa-Msaara; at the southern foot of the 

 chain the Wa-Daitscho live toward the east, (he 

 'Ooti toward the west, and between them and the 

 Wa-Msaara the Djanjai. The north is unin- 

 habited. All these tribes speak Bantu dialects, 

 varying from one another, and yet nearly re- 

 late'd to the Kikuyu. Lieut, v. HChnel esti- 

 mated the entire population at about 30.000. 

 The Djambeni mountains are of nearly uniform 

 luM.u'ht, only a little higher in the south, esti- 

 mated at about 2.100 metres. 



The Guasso-Njiro flows through a deep bed of 

 gneiss, scarcely observable at any distance, so 

 that the travelers were obliged to' follow all its 



