342 



GERMANY. 



he succeeded as German Emperor and King of 

 Prussia on June 15, 1888. The heir apparent is 

 Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, born May 6, 1882. The 

 Chancellor of the Empire is Gen. Count Georg 

 von Caprivi, appointed March 20, 1890. The 

 Secretaries of State, who do not form a ministry 

 or cabinet, but act independently of each other, 

 under the supervision of the Chancellor, were 

 the following, in the beginning of 1893 : Foreign 

 Affairs, Freiherr Marschall Bieberstein ; Imperial 

 Home Office and Representative of the Chancel- 

 lor, Dr. von Boetticher; Imperial Admiralty, 

 Herr Hollman; Secretary and Admiral, Freiherr 

 von der Goltz, Commander-in-Chief ; Ministry 

 of Justice, Herr Hanauer; Imperial Treasury, 

 Freiherr von Maltzahn ; Post-Office, Dr. von 

 Stephan ; Railroads, Dr. Schultz ; Imperial Ex- 

 chequer, Herr von Wolff; Invalid Fund, Dr. 

 Rosing; Imperial Bank, Dr. Koch; Imperial 

 Debt Commission, President, Herr Meinecke. 



Area and Population. The area of Ger- 

 many is 208,738 square miles, and the popula- 

 tion on Dec. 1, 1890, was 49.428,470. The fol- 

 lowing table shows the area in square miles and 

 the population of the different states comprising 

 the German Empire, according to the definite 

 results of the census of Dec. 1, 1890: 



Of the total population, 24,230,832 were males 

 and 25,197,638 were females. In 1890 the popu- 

 lation was divided according to religion as fol- 

 lows: Protestants, 31,026,810; Roman Catholics, 

 17,671,929; other Christians, 148,532; Jews, 

 567,884; no religion, 13,315. The number of 

 marriages in 1890 was 395,356 : births, 1,820,264 ; 

 deaths, 1,260,017 ; excess of births, 560,247. The 

 population of the principal towns on Dec. 1, 

 1890, was as follows : Berlin, the capital, 1.579.- 

 244; Hamburg. 569,260; Leipzig. 357,147; Mu- 

 nich, 350,594; Breslau, 335,186: Dresden. 289,- 

 844: Cologne, 231,681; Magdeburg, 202,324; 

 Frankfort on the Main, 179,985 ; Hanover, 163,- 

 593 ; Konigsberg, 161,666.. In 1891 the number 

 of emigrants was 120,089, of whom 113,046 were 

 destined for the United States, 3,779 for Brazil, 

 2,130 for other American countries. 599 for 

 Africa, 97 for Asia, and 438 for Australia. 



Finances. The expenses of the Government 

 are covered by revenues derived from customs, 

 certain excise duties, posts, telegraphs, and state 

 railroads. The deficit remaining is made up by 

 the individual states in proportion to their popu- 

 lation. The ordinary revenue for 1892-'93 was 

 estimated at 1,047,497,000 marks (1 mark = 23'8 

 cents), and the extraordinary revenue at 154,- 

 422,000 marks, making the total revenue 1,201,- 

 919.000 marks. The ordinary expenditure was 

 estimated at 1,062,805,000 marks, and the ex- 

 traordinary expenditure at 154.422,000 marks, 

 giving a total expenditure of 1,217,227,000 marks. 

 Of the total revenue for 1893, 603,834.000 marks 

 were derived from customs, 37,109,000 marks 

 from stamps, 21,222,900 marks from posts and 

 telegraphs, 19,824,800 marks from railroads, 

 1,253,200 marks from the Government printing 

 office, 4.772,700 marks from the Imperial Bank, 

 12,064,000 marks from receipts of the various 

 departments, 25.164,600 marks from interest of 

 the invalid fund, 295,000 marks from interest 

 of imperial funds, 1,096,900 marks from various 

 other sources, 154,422,000 marks from extraordi- 

 nary receipts, and 320,859,700 marks from ma- 

 tricular contributions of the different states. Of 

 the total expenditure, 423,200 marks were for 

 the Reichstag, 150,400 marks for the Chancellory, 

 9,901,200 marks for the Foreign Office, 19,896,800 

 marks for the Home Office, 427,285,200 marks 

 for the army, 45,298,800 marks for the navy, 

 2,048,800 marks for the Ministry of Justice, 356,- 

 059,700 marks for the imperial treasury, 308,200 

 marks for the railroads, 60,865,800 marks for the 

 debt of the empire, 625,700 marks for the Audit 

 Office, 42,646,500 marks for the Pension fund, 

 25,164,600 marks for the Invalid fund, and 226,- 

 552,100 marks for extraordinary and nonrecur- 

 ring expenses. The funded debt of the empire 

 amounted to 1,317,797,700 marks on March 31, 

 1891, bearing 3, 3, and 4 per cent, interest. 



The following table shows the budgets of the 

 different German states, and their debts, in 

 marks, in 1893 : 



* Budget estimates for 1892. 



