HAYTI. 



ready advocate, and he was for several years 



I'l-c-ident of the National Indian Association, 

 which has done so much to bring about the re- 

 form- Migge-ted in his last message. 



He died suddenly, of neuralgia of the heart. 

 In ill- 1 proclamation announcing the event, 

 1'iv-ident Harrison paid this tribute to his mem- 

 ory : 



Ills pulilic service extended over many yean* and 

 over a wide range of official duty. He was a patriotic 

 citizen, a lover of the najj and of our free institutions, 

 an inilu.-trioiis and conscientious civil otlicer, a soldier 

 of dauntless courage, a loyal comrade and friend, a 

 sympathetic and helpful neighbor, and the honored 

 head of a happy Christian home. lie has steadily 

 grown in the public esteem, and the impartial histo- 

 rian will not fail to recogni/.c t lie conscientiousness, 

 the manliness, and the courage that so strongly charac- 

 terized his whole public career. 



Biographies of Rutherford B. Hayes have been 

 written by James Q. Howard, Russell 11. Con- 

 well, and William D. Howells. For a portrait 

 on steel, see the " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1876. 



HAYTI, a republic occupying the greater 

 part of the island of Hayti, in the West Indies. 

 The legislative powers are vested in a National 

 Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of 

 Deputies. Under the Constitution of Oct. 9, 

 1889, there are 50 Deputies, elected for three 

 years by the direct vote of all Haytians twenty- 

 one years of age, and 30 Senators, m part elected 

 for six years by the Chamber and in part nomi- 

 nated by the President. The President is elect- 

 ed for seven years by the whole National Assem- 

 bly sitting together. Gen. L. M. F. Hippolyte 

 is President for the term ending May 15, 1897. 



Finances. The revenue is derived entirely 

 from customs. The receipts for 1890-'91 were 

 $7.322,076, of which $4,219,620 were collected 

 on imports and $3,102,456 on exports. The 

 budget for 1891-'92 makes the total receipts 

 $8,166,000 in Haytian currency, and the expen- 

 ditures $7.958.314, of which $1,147,242 are for 

 war, $1,954,317 for the public debt, $1,171,185 

 for the interior and police, $981,816 for public 

 instruction, $694,551 for finance and commerce, 

 $574,125 for public works, $486,818 for justice, 

 $361,574 for agriculture, $187,148 for marine, 

 $135,530 for foreign relations, $174,850 for the 

 National Bank, and $89.158 for public worship. 



The debt on Jan. 1, 1892, amounted to $15,- 

 757,011, made up of a foreign loan of $4,536.506 

 raised in 1875, an internal debt of $4,390.547, 

 short interest-bearing loans amounting to $1,- 

 663,894, a floating debt of $1.125,559, and paper 

 money amounting to $4,040,505. 



Commerce and Production. The imports 

 for 1891 amounted to $10,060.979, of which $6.- 

 454.601 were imports from the United States, 

 $1,930,713 from Germany, $917,994 from France, 

 $662,191 from Great Britain, and $95.480 from 

 other countries. The total value of the exports 

 was $14.165,779, of which $8,437.500 were ex- 

 ports to France, $2,209,292 to the United States, 

 and $3,518,987 to other countries. The export 

 of coffee in 1891 was 78,000,000 pounds: of log- 

 wood, 160,000,000 pounds; of cacao, 3,000,000 

 pounds; of mahogany, 35,000 feet. The mineral 

 wealth of the country is not developed, although 

 rich deposits of iron, copper, and salt are known 

 to exist. There were entered during 1891 at the 

 chief ports of Hayti 620 vessels, of 705,262 tons. 



HONDURAS. 



391 



Army and Navy. The army is recruiu-d 

 partly by conscription for seven years and part- 

 ly by voluntary enlistment for four years. The 

 law of 1878 fixed its strength at 6,828 officers 

 and men. The fleet con.-Mcd in 1 '111 of 4 gun- 

 bout.- carrying 27 cannon and 1 steel gunboat, 

 built in 1886, armed with 34-inch guns and 2 of 

 smaller caliber. In IMni !-e\eral new gunboats 

 were added to the navy. One of these, the "Ad- 

 miral IV-t ion," built in Havre, an armored \e-- 

 sel carrying 15 guns, mysteriously fnumh-ied on 

 Sept. 6, 1893, and 92 persons were drowned. 



Political Situation. Before the opening of 

 the year % 1893 insurrectionary disturbances had 

 broken out in the north and on the southern 

 coast, but they were easily quelled by detach- 

 ments of Government troops. President Hippo- 

 lyte maintained a despotic- military rtgime for 

 the purpose of guarding against revolutionary 

 plots, and in watching against secret communi- 

 cations with exiles and the landing of arms or 

 forces his officers hampered foreign commerce. 

 The people of the country, with the exception 

 of disappointed candidates for office, were not 

 generally discontented. There was no popular 

 leader in the country who could organize a for- 

 midable uprising or obtain the money and arms 

 for a campaign against the Government. Nor 

 were the exiles in Jamaica united. Neither ex- 

 President Legitime, Gen. Manigat, nor Gen. Pro- 

 phete was willing to give up his chances for the 

 presidency or assist in overthrowing Hippolvte 

 for the sake of elevating another to power. The 

 new gunboats enabled the President to guard the 

 coast more thoroughly and prevent the landing 

 of filibustering expeditions. In August, 1892, 

 Gen. Momplaisir and Gen. Arneaux, Haytian 

 exiles in Jamaica, chartered the schooner " Wil- 

 lie Irving," and attempted to smuggle in a cargo 

 of rifles and cartridges in order to raise an in- 

 surrection on the south coast. They were un- 

 able to land, and, returning to Kingston harbor, 

 they threw the arms overboard, but were de- 

 tected, and in May, 1893, were tried by the Brit- 

 ish court for violating the foreign enlistment 

 act, and fined $1,000 each, while Miller, master 

 of the vessel, was fined $500. Hippolyte sent 

 an army of 2,500 men to the border, and Presi- 

 dent Heureaux, of Santo Domingo, suspecting 

 Hippolyte of a design to aid the revolutionists 

 of nis country in an attempt to upset his Gov- 

 ernment, dispatched an equal force to the fron- 

 tier district. The result of an exchange of views 

 was that each ruler expelled from his dominions 

 the exiled citizens of the neighboring republic, 

 and each reaffirmed his adhesion to the agree- 

 ment that no foreign power should be allowed 

 to obtain territorial rights on the island. 



HOLLAND. See NKTIIKRI.ANDS. 



HONWKAS. a republic in Central America. 

 Tlie Congress consists of a single Chamber, the 

 members of which are elected in. the proportion 

 of 1 to 10.000 inhabitants, for four years, one 

 half retiring every two years. The President 

 serves also four years. Gen. Ponciano Leiva 

 was elected President on Nov. 10, 1891. 



Finances. The revenue is derived from cus- 

 toms and Government monopolies. The receipts 

 in issji were $2.094.660, and the expenditures 

 .'.077,552. The internal debt amounted to $2.- 

 031,379. The foreign debt was contracted in 



