ITALY. 



411 



malili; Minister of Justice and Eeclesia-iiml 

 Affairs, Teodorico Bonacci ; Minister of \\'ur, 

 (M-II. huigi Pelloux; Minister of Marino, Ad- 

 ininil liacchia; Minister of Commerce, Agricul- 

 ture, ami Industry, I'ictro Lacuva; Minister /f 

 Public Instruction, Ferdinando Martini; Minis- 

 ter of Public Works, Francesco Genalu: Minis- 

 ter of Posts and Telegraphs, Camillo Finocchiaro 

 Aprile. 



Finances. The budget estimate of revenue 

 for the year ending June 80, 1893, was 1,600,122,- 

 471 lire; the estimate of expenditure, 1,094,275,- 

 02!) lire. The total ordinary receipts were esti- 

 mated at 1,528,913,851 lire, of which 233,300,875 

 lire were derived from the income tax, 281,000,- 

 000 lire from customs, 193,000.000 lire from the 

 tobacco monopoly, 100,342,000 lire from the land 

 tax, 84,000,000 lire from the house tax, 76,130,- 

 000 lire from the state lottery, 73,300,000 lire 

 from stamps, 73,299,800 lire from Government 

 railroads, 69,023,244 lire from octrois, 03,500,000 

 lire from the salt monopoly, 62,700,000 lire from 

 registration dues, 49,000,000 lire from the post- 

 office, 36,300,000 lire from succession duties, 36,- 

 179,337 lire from repayments, 33,000,000 lire 

 from excise duties, 29,140.550 lire from various 

 taxes on transactions, 18,450,000 lire from the 

 tax on railroads, 15,100,000 lire from telegraphs, 

 11,180,208 lire from state property, and about 

 36.000,000 lire from other sources. The total 

 ordinary expenditure was estimated at 1,546.626,- 

 357 lire, of which 450,155,182 lire were for inter- 

 est on the consolidated debt, 91,292,413 lire from 

 the floating debt, 78,959,282 lire for interest on 

 the redeemable debt, 27,711,540 lire for railroad 

 annuities, 15,050,000 lire for the civil list and ap- 

 panages, 73,462,820 lire for fixed annuities, 148,- 

 010,943 lire for expenses of collection, 243,058,- 

 765 lire for war, 100,735,465 lire for the navy, 

 53.750,786 lire for the Interior Department, 52,- 

 640,903 lire for posts and telegraphs, 39,451,578 

 lire for public instruction, 33,161.186 lire for the 

 Department of Justice, 29,303,831 lire for public 

 works, 9,605,534 lire for the Department of Com- 

 merce and Agriculture, and 8,469,207 lire for for- 

 eign affairs. The extraordinary expenditures of 

 the Ministry of Public Works were set down as 

 76,979,780 lire ; of the Ministry of Marine, 6,875,- 

 000 lire; of the Ministry of War, 4,450,000 lire. 

 The capital of the consolidated and redeemable 

 debt amounted in the beginning of the financial 

 year to 11,979,718,057 lire. The total interest 

 charge was 584,658,951 lire. 



The Army. The permanent army in 1893 

 had a total strength of 247,809 officers and men 

 under arms, comprising 14,448 effective officers 

 and 191 on half pay, 107.249 regular infantry, 

 22,739 cabineers, 13,il4 bersaglieri, 8,828 Alpine 

 troops, 10,257 infantry attached to the military 

 districts, 24,131 cavalry, 30,970 artillery, 7,604 

 engineers, 1,437 men attached to military schools, 

 2,320 sanitary troops. 1,808 commissariat troops, 

 229 men in invalid and veteran corps, and 2,424 

 in penal establishments and disciplinary com- 

 panies. There were 5.279 officers and 594,181 

 men of all arms enrolled in the permanent army 

 who were on unlimited leave of absence. The 

 mobile militia numbered 6,348 officers and .VJ.V 

 179 men, and the territorial militia 10,756 offi- 

 cers and 1,940,322 men. There is a special corps 

 of African troops which, consisted on June 30, 



1892, of 215 European and 82 native officers and 

 6,122 men, of whom 3,71)5 were nut; . 



The NaVT. The "Italia" and "U-panto" 

 were, until the " Hoyal Sovereign " and her sis- 

 ter ships were added to the llritish navy, ttie 

 heaviest war ships in the world, having a dis- 

 placement of 13,896 and 13,550 tons respectively. 

 They have no belt of armor, as all the vital parts 

 are below water, protected from a plunging fire 

 by steel deck armor, which is 6 feet below the 

 water line. The citadel is protected with in- 

 clined armor 19 inches thick. The four 100-ton 

 guns with which each is armed are mounted en 

 barbette. The "Lepanto" has a speed of 18 - 4 

 knots; the "Italia," 17-8 knots. Of the same 

 class and type is the " Re Umberto," which car- 

 ries 68-ton guns ; also the " Sardegna " and " Si- 

 cilia," not yet completed. Each of these vessels 

 cost about $5,000.000 to build and equip. The 

 "Duilio" and "Dandolo," of 11,138 and 11,202 

 tons displacement, are central-citadel ships 

 armed with 4 100-ton guns each, and having 22 

 inches of armor on the citadel. The barbette 

 ships " Lauria," " Francesco Morosini," and "An- 

 drea Doria" have a displacement of 11,000 tons 

 and 18 inches of armor at the water line. Four 

 old broadside ships under 3,000 tons, with 4$- 

 inch side armor and 4- and 3-ton guns, and ft 

 turret ram, complete the list of battle ships of 

 the first class, besides one building of 13,090 

 tons displacement. The 11 turret ships have a 

 total armament of 168 guns over 10 centimetres, 

 and 366 smaller guns. There are 12 deck-pro- 

 tected cruisers, launched between 1883 and 1898, 

 carrying 114 heavy and 219 small cannons; 4 

 corvettes, armed with 24 heavy and 63 light can- 

 nons; 12 torpedo cruisers, launched between 

 1886 and 1893; 8 dispatch vessels and 7 torpedo 

 avisos; 9 first-class and 4 second-class gunboats, 

 75 seagoing torpedo boats, 38 first-class and 21 

 second-class torpedo boats, 14 torpedo launches, 

 15 transports, 6 school ships, 8 coast guards. 8 

 auxiliary cruisers, 6 paddle-wheel gunboats for 

 the lagoons, and 18 vessels for harbor serrice. 

 There are 4 deck-protected cruisers, 1 torpedo 

 cruiser, and 12 seagoing torpedo boats under 

 construction. The navy is manned by 1,458 offi- 

 cers and 17.871 men, besides 4,090 for coast de- 

 fense. It was decided in 1893 to add 2,000 men. 



Navigation. The merchant navy, on Jan. 1, 

 1892, numbered 6.624 vessels, of 8lf,264 tons, of 

 which 6,308, of 609,821 tons, were sailing v 

 and 316, of 201,443 tons, were steamers. During 

 1892 there were 121,099 vessels, of 23,043,131 

 tons, entered at Italian ports, and 119,895, of 

 23,297,089 tons, cleared. Of the vessels entered. 

 15,813, of 6,953,100 tons, were engaged in foreign 

 trade, of vhich 9,348, of 1,851,488 tons, were 

 Italian, and 6,465, of 5,101.i23 tons, were for- 

 eign. Of these there were entered with cargoes 

 i:i.::W. of 6,408.371 tons, and the number of 

 steamers was 6.195, of which 1,434, of 1,266,499 

 tons, were Italian. 



Conitnerce. The total value of the special 

 imports for is<)l wns 1.120.5*4.r>s-j lire, and of 

 the special exports sTO.soo.l ~>~> lire. The im- 

 ports of precious metals were .">.}. -JSC,. TOO lire, and 

 the exports 62,709,400 liro. For lS!f,> the special 

 imports amounted to 1,173,400,000 and the spe- 

 cial exports to 958,200,000 lire. The imports of 

 precious metals were 44,000,000 and the exports 



