LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL. 



453 



. nor any abundance of good verse. A note of 

 melancholy predominate in Monk 1 ! delicate" llvmns 

 iiinl Sibils "and IUn<-k Pearls," us also in "Third 

 Hook of Lyrics" liy Maehar, who, despite an ",-, a 

 sional want of titiisli in style, is the most original and 

 hiiliviilual among the vnungcr jM>cts, for whose storm- 

 ari'i .stress* yearniiii.'* lit' finds most apt expp 

 Itlu-r poetical product ions of note are Sludck's strong- 

 ly patriotic " Bohemian Sonirs," IJorccky's l.'-a M \ s 

 tica " (syinliolieal jM.einsi. the fourth part of .In fins 

 Xr\ i-r's '' Annals or Love," and a volume of pieces on 

 country life l>y Sova. Kaminsky, Cerviuka, Klas- 

 Ursktf, n<l I'roeha/ka have also published new po- 

 etry. K. X. Svolioda's " Ko/.klad." dealing with the 

 enervating and ruining intluenee of city life on a 

 farmer's family, is named as the only piece prodneed 

 wliieh rises somewhat above the conventionality 

 which seems to dominate the drama at present. 



Denmark -If literary activity in this country during 

 tin- past year or two has not produced any epoch-mak- 

 ing masterpieces, nor introduced any new writer of 

 striking talent, yet the general result is good, and up 

 to the average. 



The important works of Galschi^t, Burfod,Bricka, 

 P. llansen (" Den Danske Skueplads "), mentioned last 

 year, have been continued, as have also Carl Brunn's 

 " History of Copenhagen," I. L. Heiberg's " Et Liv 

 gienoplevct i Ermdringen," and " Den Dansk-Tydske 

 Krig, 1864; udgivet af Generalstaben." C. Bruun and 

 ('. I'. Fenger have issued " Thorvaldsen's Mustpums 

 11 istorie"; Miss Anna Hude/'Danehoft'etogdetsPlads 

 i Danmarks 8tasforfatning " ; V. Bergs^e, " Danske 

 Medailler " ; J. Larsen, " Bidrag til den danske Folke- 

 skolcs Historic. 1784-1818 " ; and F. Buhl," Det israeli- 

 tiske Folks Historic." C. V. Bruun has prepared 

 "Bibliotheca Danica . . . 1482-1830," and a fine il- 

 lustrated encyclopaedia is in course of preparation. 

 " Hauksbok . . ." (1892) is the first complete edition 

 of this great codex. 



Among books of travel is one by Dr. Kaarsberg, on 

 the Kalmucks, which shows that the flesh is heir to 

 the same diseases among these tribes as under the 

 " degenerating influence " of civilization. Georg 

 Brandes has issued a selection from his essays, under 

 the title u Menscheu und Werke," in German. C. 

 Kalisch's " Studier over Tennyson," Otto Jespersen's 

 study on Chaucer, and a compilation on Browning 

 by Dr. Stefansson (of Iceland) remind us of the in- 

 fluence of England in Danish literature. Karl Gjel- 

 lerup, Valdcmar Vedel, Niels Moller, Prof. Hofl'ding, 

 Johannes Jorgensen, and others, show a thorough 

 knowledge of the modes of thought and the style 

 of English writers. Shelley's centenary was cele- 

 brated by papers in various periodicals, and Adolf 

 Hanson issued a translation of " Prometheus Un- 



here so strongly toward the end of the eighteenth cen- 

 tury. However, the French spirit is still much in evi- 

 dence. Gallic symbolism has its admirers in the 

 younger element, and Baudelaire and Maeterlinck both 

 lii id favorable reception, as does also Ibsen as yet. 

 There is here, as nearly every where else, a healthy de- 

 sire tor novelty, and for a reaction from ultra-realism, 

 with its not always pleasing nor clean incursions into 

 the domains of pathology and psychology. Among 

 the newest additions to oellet-lettre* are J. Paludan- 

 M Tiller's "Idyllcrfradetdaglige Liv" (1892); S. Mi- 

 lis's" Vanemennesker"(1892): " Paa naert Hold " 



lution. A newly formed society i* devoted -to the 



study of the latter period, to winch the Faculty of 

 Letters at I'aris hns devoted a special chair. Otthc 



!' new books on that eventful period tl 

 remarkable are : " I.e ( 'ulte ,| c . hi Kaison et le Cultc d< 

 PBtW BnprfeM (17!3-"J4)," bv Aulard ; Albert 

 - L'F.uroi.e et In Revolution*'; Vol. VIII of A. H.u 

 i) net'-. Les (iuirres dc la Revolution"; Charles 

 Gomel's " Les Causes linaneicrcs de la Revolution 

 franeaise : les derniers ContnMeure g4neraux." I'ierre 

 dc Nolliac, who unites learning with a graceful and 

 easy style, has written a somewhat vindicating mono- 

 graph on Marie Antoinette; H. Houssavc pictures 

 France in "1814 "and '.'1815 " ; and I'aul Thureau- 

 Dangin has finished his large " HUtoire de la Mo- 

 narchic de Juillet" (7 vols.), which has given rise to 

 much controversy on account of ite partiality to 

 Orleanist principles. The same epoch IB covered by 

 the " Souvenirs de Alexis de Tocqueville, publics par 

 le Comte de Tocqueville," written in 1850, and giving 

 a truthful picture of the men and events of the time 

 of Louis Philippe. More recent times are dealt with 

 in A. Verly's " General Boulanger et la Conspiration 

 monarch ique," and three volumes on the Panama 

 Canal affair J. L. Forain's " Les Temps difficiles," 

 L^on Duroclier's " Percement de Tlsmme de Cor- 

 inthe " (a mild satire), and A. Lucas's " Precis histo- 

 rique de 1'AflFaire du Panama." Ernest Lavisse, al- 

 ways bent on illustrating the origin and cause of the 

 power of Germany, has brought out "Jeunesse de 

 Frederic II " and " Le grand Fre"de"ric avant 1'Avenc- 

 ment," and a " Histoire Gne"rale du IV Siecle a 

 nos Jours " has been begun under the direction of E. 

 Lavisse and A. Rambaud. In the field of political 

 biography and memoirs some interesting new books 

 are also to be recorded. " Mes Souvenirs sur Napo- 

 le"on,par le Cte. Chaptal," Arthur Levy's "Napoleon 

 intime," F. Masson's " Napoleon et les Femmes," 

 (Vol. 1), and the "MeWires" of Gen. Thidbault, 

 Chancellor Pasquier, and Gen. Bigarrd, relate to the. 

 Napoleonic era, now so popular a topic. Henri \Vel- 

 schingcr's " Le Mar^chal Ney, 1815" : Vol. I of " His- 

 toire du Cardinal Richelieu," by Gabriel Hanotaux ; 

 " Etudes sociales et politiques : les dernieres Annees 

 de La Fayette, 1792-1834,'' by A. Bardoux; Spuller's 

 work on Lamennais ; H. Buchard's " L'Amiral Clou^ : 

 sa vie " : Marie Dronsart's " W. E. Gladstone " : " M^- 

 moires du Baron Ilaussmunn (3 vols.) ; and Vol. I of 

 " Discours et Opinions" of Jules Ferry, have also 



(1892), by J. Hilditch; "Trold: ny Samling"(18H-J I. by 

 J. Lie- K. Backer's "S<frskcnde"; K. Larsen's "Cir- 

 kler";K.Gjellerup's" \Vuthorn"and"Ti Kronerogan- 

 dre Fortaelliuger " ; J. Schj^rring's " Skittende Tider " ; 

 H. \Vint hcr's " Herreguard ag Praestegaard " ; " Svend 

 Dyrings Hus,'' by II. "Hertz ; /. Nielsen's " Kulsviere: 

 en Kwrlighedshistorie " ; C. NVinthcr's "Til Ken"; 

 C. Miller's " Vore llusdyr : humoristiske Smaahisto- 

 rikcr." 



France. There is no end to the publications dealing 

 with national history, and more especially the Revo- 



Legrand's 



"Au Pays des Canaqucs : la nouvelle Cal&lonie ... en 

 1890," and H. Coudreau's " Ches nos Indiens : quatre 

 Annies dans la Guvane franeaise (1887-'91)." Other 

 works in that broad division, voyages and travels, are 

 Barbier's " Voyage au Pays de Dollars " (the United 

 States, of course) and G. S'auvin's " Autour de Chica- 

 go." Finally, there are Charles Lentheric's "Le 

 Rhone " (2 volsA important for its description of the 

 part played by tne river in the formation of France ; 

 Kob'n la's" La vieille France : Provence"; 1'. Strauss's 

 " I'aris ignore " (1892) ; and Louis Paulian's " Paris aui 

 meiidie." Interesting works on political and social 

 science have seen the light. The relations between 

 Church and state form .the theme of two books 

 Charles Benoist's "L'Eglisc et l'F.tat"and Anatole 

 Leroy-Beaulieu's"La Paj-aute. 1'Ksrlise. et la D4mo- 

 cratie." L. Grdgoire's " Le Pape,"les Catholiques et 

 la Question soeiale." and " L'Eglise Catholique et la 

 Liberte aux F.tats-l'nis," bv Dc.Mcaux. follow out 

 kindred lines. The third volume of Levasscur's im- 

 portant " La Population franchise" has appeared, ami 

 Ferdinand Dreyfus has written a timely study of 

 " L'Arbitrage international." Purely philosophic 

 books, not illustrating some question 'of jioliticai or 

 social economy, appear to be rare. IVrvaule has 

 carefully summed up the Philosophic de Condil- 

 lac." and Daniel Bourchenin the history ot ' Pessi- 

 misme ilans la Soci4t4 et dans les I.ettres frnncaisea 

 contemporaines." A. E. Chaignet has completed his 



