UTKIiATHlK, CONTINENTAL. 



457 



orus Kalogoras. Alcibiades, son of John Sakcllion, 

 has finished the "Catalogue of the IbnaMiiptiiiithe 



Nuti'iiial Library at Athens," bc^un by hht father, 

 and At.hiiMUMiis Papadopulo* Kcramriis has pub- 

 lished at St. Petersburg u volume of " Ineditn," in 

 Greek and Kuiiin, "containing* biography of the 

 holy si.\t\ martyrs, unpublished speeches and letters 

 Of the Patriarch Photius," etc. I >i<>nysius Thcrciaiios 

 is the author of a learned " Sketch of tlic Stoic I'lu- 

 loMiphy''; and Nuoclea Kasasis has brought out an 

 . " Encyclopaedia and Methodology of Law " and a 

 three-volume "Philosophy of Law and the State." 

 The vexed question of language in the Greek litera- 

 ture of to-day, referred to hist \car, has been further 

 discussed by (i. llat/idakis (in " The (Question of Lan- 

 guage") and E. Khoidis, Who proves himself a good 

 philologist as well as a witty writer in his "Idola." 

 The relative merits of the question have also been 

 illustrated by the literary productions of the adher- 

 ents of both sides. Thus, George Stratigis's " New 

 Poems," a volume of elaborate and well-polished 

 rhymes, is written in the "learned language"; while 

 "Ihe Eyes of my Soul," by Constantino Palamas, a 

 thoughtful writer, with leanings toward mysticism, 

 and "The Singer of the Village and the Fold," by 

 Constantino Krystallis (who has a keen eye for 

 phases of popular life), are both by writers who have 

 worked ardently for the development of the popular 

 idiom. Lastly, Karkavitsas has issued a halt dozen 

 of his excellent Neo-Hellenic tales in one volume, 

 under the title " Diegemata." 



Holland. Last year there were a number of impor- 

 tant additions to "historical literature to record; now 

 there comes a complaint of a dearth of such material. 

 Among the productions of note are some devoted to 

 Dutch history, more especially the history of indi- 

 vidual towns. Thus, documents relating to Rotter- 

 dam have been collected by Unger, and a voluminous 

 work on Dudewater has been edited by Van Aelst. 

 The Church of St. Jacob, in the Hague, forms the 

 theme of Van den Brandeler, while Dr. van Meer has 

 issued a work of importance on the Synod of Ernden 

 in 1571. Parliamentary history (1849-'88), with 

 especial reference to taxation, is recited by Bok, and 

 the history of Dutch jurisprudence has been told by 

 Fockema Andraca. W orks concerned with other lauds 

 include W. H. de Beaufort's " Geschiedkundige Op- 

 Btellen " (1892, 2 vols.) and Pierson's " Hellas," (2 vols), 

 the latter dealing with Greece's development in re- 

 ligion, art, and morals. S. H. and D. A. Junius have 

 swelled the literature of a much-used topic in their 

 " Zonnig Afrika " (1892). K. A. van Sandick's " Leed 

 en Liefuit Bantam," besides dealing with the history 

 of this Dutch possession, gives an interesting charac- 

 terization of tne noted author E. Douwes Dekker 

 (Multatuli.) " Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Vol- 

 kenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie," is in course of 

 publication. 



Political history and science have received addi- 

 tions in II. G. Hartman's u Het gemeentewezen in 

 Nederland en Belgie " (1892) ; F. J. L. Kramer's " De 

 Nederlandseh-Spaansehe Diplomatic voor den Vrede 

 van Nijmegen" (1892); and J. Sickenga's " De Ge- 

 meente in Nederland"; and social science in II. van 

 Kohl's (Rienzi) " Socialismc en Vrijheid"; J. Ro- 

 elaissen 1 s " Na twintig Jaren : sociale quaestie en 

 muntquaestc." In theology, we have a work on the 

 chronology of the Bible, by Dr. Wildeboer; G. T. P. 

 J. Bollana's "De Pentateuch naar ziine Wording on- 

 derzocht"; E. II. van Leeu wen's "Bijbelsche Godge- 

 leerdlieid." To these we add J. Reitsm&'s " Gcschie- 

 denis van de Ilervorming en de hervormde Kerk der 

 Nederlandcn" and Prof, van der Wyck's monograph 

 on the late Dr. Opzoomer. The complaint respecting 

 a decline in the study of literary history is borne out 

 by a pamphlet in winch Kalff points'out the defects in 

 the teaching of Dutch, the formation of taste through 

 standard works being but little attended to. The 

 /-/</<// are attracted much attention. C. Honigh has 

 completed the late Dr. George Penon's selections from 

 Dutch authors ; Schacpmari has begun to reprint his 



-says under the title " Menschen en Boekcn " ; 

 and F. M. Jaeger lias collected bin literary studies in 

 " Kun.-t en Levin." and lias issued also a translation 

 of Max Nordau's " Entartung," with h'm own criti- 

 cisms on Dutch literary peculiarities, incurring the 

 di.-plcaMirc of the younger clement, among whom lie 

 formerly enjoyed a decided popularity. Other new 

 productions in literary history and criticism are E. 

 de Bom's " llunrik Ibsen en zijnwerk"; and W. J. 

 A. Jonckbloet's " Geschiedcms der Is'ederlandsche 

 Letterkunde." 



Jan Ten Brink, that ardent opponent of the new 

 literary movement, introduces eminent authors and 

 other luminaries of a brilliant period in Dutch literary 

 history in his " De Brederos." Social problems form 

 the theme of Miss Cornelie Huygens's u Hoogenoord " 

 (2 vols.). and Miss A. C. Van Meyendal's " Toch 

 verzoena." "Aleida Ploegere." by Louise B. B., and 

 "Een Hello vaart," by Vincent Loosjes, have both 

 won praise, as have also " Intimitciten," an attractive 

 work by Ebba, and Meerkcrk's " Karakter," a promis- 

 ing though not faultless production. It has been said 

 that the novelists of Holland find much of their ma- 

 terial among the middle class of their countrymen 

 and in the society of the Dutch East Indies. The lat- 



of military life ; " Ups and Downs," by P. A. Daum (a 

 Batavian newspaper editor) ; " In de Koffle," stories 

 about the coifee trade, by J. Dermout; and scenes from 

 domestic life, by Therese Hoven. Clever writers of 

 short stories are : N. G. L. van Loghem (Fiore della 

 Neve), Marcellus Emants, W. C. Capel Florentijn 

 (" Nordzeekinderen," 1892), Wemerus Buning, Jan 

 Peereboom, Van Vlymen, and Mme. S. La Chapelle- 

 Roobol (" De Schoonmama en een paar andere No- 

 vellen"). The new school the Dutch phase of that 

 latest movement in literature felt throughout the con- 

 tinent has scored a brilliant success in Louis Cou- 

 perus's " Eline Vere " (noted last year), which, it 

 appears, found an imitation in Franz Netscher's 

 " Egoisme." Frederic van Eeden, on the other hand, 

 is said to show the influence of the German Hoff- 

 mann in his " Kleinc Johannes." Couperus has is- 

 sued " Eene Illusie," and Van Eeden " Johannes 

 Viator," which latter has been regarded as a very 

 noteworthy achievement Its obscurity appears to be 

 characteristic of not a few of the younger writers, 

 such as Jac. van Looy (noted for force of diction, and 

 whose "Gekken" has been widely read) and J. 

 Hora Adema, whose strong novel, " Thea," shows 

 mystical tendencies. Fokko Bos does not seem 

 to sustain his reputation for originality in hits most 

 recent work. 



The complaint regarding occasional obscenity in 

 the work of the younger men has been reiterated, the 

 individual cases cited including three pseudonymous 

 writers, two using the name ofjfram, the third Conrad 

 Van der Liede ; the latter, since the publication of 

 " Zijn vader," has changed, however, and really 

 shows much promise. In poetry, Miss Helene Swarm 

 (a resident ot Belgium), noted for the beauty and ten- 

 der sentiments in her sonnets, has, in her " Felicie " 

 and " Poezie," produced almost the only volumes of 

 note issued during the twelvemonth. This field is 

 but little cultivated at present The concise state- 

 ment of a certain Dutch author, " Literature does not 

 pay in Holland," is amplified by a German critic. 

 The Dutch, we are told, while regarding modem 

 efforts in their own literature with cool reserve, always 

 show a vivid sympathy for foreign productions, even 

 those marked by the most daring innovations. Thus 

 we find, in partial corroboration of tli is statement, that 

 the theater in Holland depends much on adaptations 

 from the German. French, etc. Taco de Beer, for in- 

 stance, editing a translation of Lessing's " Katiian the 

 Wise." G. C. Hoogewen's interesting " Petrus Dathe- 

 nus," in blank verse, would hardly do for production 

 on the stage; "Asschepoes," a curtain-raiser, by a 

 lady who veils her identity under the pen-name Jo 



