470 



MAINE. 



the Royalists to take a part in politics, when the 

 future form of government was undetermined 

 and they were anxious to put their best men 

 forward. He devoted himself exclusively to his 

 professional duties, and was one of the most 

 active of those who worked for the reorganiza- 

 tion and rehabilitation of the French army. On 

 May 24, 1873, when the Monarchists had forced 

 Thiers to resign, MacMahon could not refuse to 

 accept the presidency, pledging himself to con- 

 tinue the work of liberating the territory, re- 

 storing order, and maintaining the principles on 

 which society rests, and to fulfill the will of the 

 National Assembly. The Monarchists had the 

 majority, and might have succeeded, for a time 

 at least, in restoring the Bourbon dynasty if the 

 Comte de Chambord had not insisted in return- 

 ing altogether to the old regime. " If the Comte 

 de Chambord comes with the white flag," Mac- 

 Mahon said, "the chatsepota will go off of them- 

 selves." He was inclined to Bonapartism, while 

 his wife, born Duchess de Castries, was an ar- 

 - dent Legitimist. Neither was averse to an Or- 

 leanist regime in preference to the republic, but 

 MacMahon was too loyal a son of France to 

 enter into a coalition or conspiracy to establish 

 monarchy by fraud or coercion, though resolved 

 to fight op'enly against radicalism, which he 

 dreaded and detested. The reactionary Cabinet 

 of the Due de Broglie was followed after the 

 adoption of the definitive republic founded on 

 the moderate principles of Thiers, with the sep- 

 tennate, by one of the Right and Left Centers 

 under Dufaure, and this by one of outspoken 

 republican principles under Jules Simon. The 

 religious conflict courted on both sides endan- 

 gered the new Constitution. When Gambetta 

 uttered his challenge to the President, " II faut 

 se soumettre ou se demettre," he repeated his 

 resolute phrase, "J'y suis, j'y reste.' He dis- 

 'missed the Simon ministry, appointed the Mon- 

 archist-Clerical one of the Due de Broglie and 

 Fourton, and prorogued and finally, with the 

 support of the Senate, dissolved the Chamber. 

 The Royalists used force and pressure without 

 avail against the Republican coalition headed 

 by Gambetta, which won the elections of Octo- 

 ber, 1877. MacMahon declared in his message 

 that he accepted the decision of the people, and 

 would adhere to the republic. On Jan. 30, 

 1879, rather than sign a bill forcing into retire- 

 ment some of his old comrades, he resigned the 

 presidency, saying that new times demand new 

 men. After that he lived a quiet, retired life, 

 occupying himself with writing his memoirs 

 and enjoying the universal reverence of the peo- 

 ple in even a greater degree than his colleague 

 Canrobert, the last surviving marshal of France. 

 The state funeral that was given to him was one 

 of the most imposing civic and military pageants 

 that France has seen in recent years. 



MAINE, a New England State, admitted to 

 the Union March 15, 1820 ; area. 33,040 square 

 miles; population in 1890, 661,086. Capital, 

 Augusta. 



(Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor, Henry B. 

 Cleaves ; Secretary of State, Nicholas Fessen- 

 den; Treasurer, George L. Beal ; Attorney-Gen- 

 eral, Frederick A. Powers, all Republicans ; Su- 

 perintendent of Common Schools, Nelson A. 



Luce ; Railroad Commissioners, David N. Mort- 

 land, Asa W. Wildes, and Benjamin F. Chad- 

 bourne ; Adjutant - General, Seldon Connor ; 

 Commissioner of Industrial and Labor Statistics, 

 Samuel W. Matthews ; Insurance Commissioner, 

 Joseph O. Smith (Stephen W. Carr was appointed 

 in December to succeed him) ; Fish and Game 

 Commissioner, E. M. Stilwell, who died, and 

 was succeeded in April by Thomas H. Went- 

 worth ; State Librarian, Leonard D. Carver ; 

 Bank Examiner, Charles R. Whitten ; Chief 

 Justice of the Supreme Court, John A. Peters : 

 Associate Justices, Charles W. Walton, William 

 W. Virgin, Artemas Libbey, Lucilius A. Emery, 

 Enoch Foster, Thomas H. Haskell, William P. 

 Whitehouse, all Republicans except Judge Lib- 

 bey. Judge Virgin died Jan. 23, and Andrew 

 P. Wiswell was appointed, April 10. 



Finances. The total bonded indebtedness of 

 the State on Jan. 1, 1893, was $2,506,300, being 

 composed entirely (with the exception of $4,000) 

 of registered bonds issued in 1889, very nearly 

 all the old bonds, most of which were of the 

 loans of 1864 and 1869, having been redeemed. 

 The receipts for 1892 were $1,577,678.12, and 

 the expenditures, $1,472.712.04 ; the cash on 

 hand, Jan. 1, 1893, was $304,569.68. 



The value of property returned by the city, 

 town, and plantation assessors in 1892 was 

 $265,025,481. The estimate of expenditures for 

 1893 was $1,504,535.54, and the estimated re- 

 ceipts, $1,464,882. 



Valuations. Tables published by the State 

 assessors give the following figures: Number of 

 polls, 167,378; of real estate, $164,555,671; of 

 nonresident real estate, $30,302,562 ; resident 

 personal estate, $66,595,471 ; nonresident per- 

 sonal estate, $3.561,787; total amount of live 

 stock, $15,747,468; total amount of mills and 

 machinery, $20,208,236; total amount of bank 

 and trust stock, money at interest, and stock in 

 trade, $35,691,969; total number of horses and 

 colts, 144,702 ; of oxen and steers, 138,601 ; of 

 cows, 138,994 ; of sheep, 370,602 ; of swine, 33,- 

 445; total value of livestock, $18,553,686; value 

 of wild lands, $17,795,680: value of carriages, 

 $1,798,016; value of musical instruments, $1,721,- 

 491; value of shipping. $6,346,228; franchise 

 tax on railroads, $115.043.05; railroad commis- 

 sioners' tax, $10,000 ; tax on express companies, 

 $1.134; tax on telephone companies, $8.125. 



Mortgage Indebtedness. In Maine the de- 

 crease in the number of farms for the decade 

 ending with 1890 was only 3-5 per cent., little 

 more than half the decrease in the State of New 

 York, which was 6*1 per cent. In every 100 

 farms cultivated by owners, there are in Maine 

 78 free of debt and 22 with mortgages. The 

 mortgage indebtedness per head of the popula- 

 tion is $49. 



Banks and Loan Associations. The sav- 

 ings-bank tax under the law passed by the pre- 

 vious Legislature for the year ending Oct. 29, 

 1893, amounted to $406,021.89, an increase over 

 that of 1892, when the assessment was made 

 under the old law, of $39,253.10. There are 52 

 savings banks in the State. Only one has sus- 

 pended business the Richmond Bank. 



The total deposits in the savings banks, Octo- 

 ber, 1892, was $53,397,949.15, a net gain of 

 $3,119,496.71 over the preceding year. The total 



