492 



MEXICO. 



MICHIGAN. 



The telegraph lines had a total length of 38,125 

 miles, of which 25,000 miles belonged to the Fed- 

 eral Government, and the rest to the State gov- 

 ernments. The post-office in 1891-'92 forwarded 

 117,704,313 internal and 9,001.233 international 

 letters and postal cards. The receipts were 

 $1,142,182, and expenses $1,211,227. 



Finances. The budget for 1893-'94 makes 

 the total receipts $40,0(50,000. The expenditure 

 was estimated at $41,076,260. To balance the 

 budget a reduction of 10 per cent, in salaries was 

 decreed, reducing the total estimates to $39,- 

 976,260. The public debt amounts to $158,932,- 

 659. The foreign debt is 16,427,500, paying 6 

 per cent,, including the consolidated loan of 1888 

 and one for 6,000,000 raised in 1890. The Te- 

 huantepec Railroad bonds, 2,700,000 pay 5 per 

 cent. The internal debt is $62.932,659. In 1893, 

 a new loan of $15,000,000 was contracted in 

 Berlin. 



The Array and Navy. The army in 1893 

 numbered 2,270 officers and 34,833 men. There 

 are 30 battalions of infantry, besides cadres for 

 30 battalions of reserves, 3 auxiliary battalions, 

 1 battalion of pioneers, and the invalid corps, 

 the total strength being 1,293 officers and 22,437 

 men; 4 battalions of artillery, numbering 148 

 officers and 1,688 men; 25 officers and 331 men 

 in the stationary artillery; 11 officers and 101 

 men in the artillery train ; 13 regiments of cav- 

 alry, comprising 481 officers and 6,359 men ; a 

 gendarmerie corps of 21 officers and 229 men ; 6 

 troops of auxiliary cavalry, having 126 officers 

 and 1,483 men ; and 9 companies of rural guards, 

 containing 165 officers and 2,200 men. The in- 

 fantry is armed with Remington rifles, and the 

 artillery with steel guns of the Bange system, 

 having a caliber of 7'9 centimetres. . The army 

 is organized in 4 divisions of 2 brigades each, 

 with 3 regiments in each brigade. The strength 

 of the regiments varies. A battalion of infantry 

 usually contains 4 companies of 240 men each. 

 Including the reserves, the total peace effective 

 of the army is estimated at 60 general officers, 

 3.600 other officers, 45,000 rank and file, 7,000 

 horses, and 3.000 mules. The war strength is 

 about 3,700 officers, 132,000 infantry, 25,000 cav- 

 alry, and 8,000 artillery. 



The naval force consists of 3 avisos, 2 gun- 

 boats, and a school-ship, carrying together 18 

 guns and manned by 84 officers and 416 men. 

 There are building 2 transports, 4 coast-guard 

 gunboats, and 5 first-class torpedo boats. 



Insurrectionary Movements. Before the 

 beginning of 1893 seditious bands collected on 

 the northern border in Chihuahua and on United 

 States soil across the Rio Grande, several hun- 

 dred miles above the scene of the late rebellion 

 of Garcia. They captured Ascension and Corra- 

 litos, and drove out American settlers, who took 

 refuge in New Mexico, and Gen. McCook sent 

 detachments of United States troops to the 

 locality. Pacheco and Perez, the leaders of the 

 revolt, had supplied their followers with abun- 

 dant arms and ammunition. The Indians of 

 Yaqui river, in Sonora, revolted in sympathy 

 with the uprising in Chihuahua. On Feb. 6, 

 1893, Gen. Urez, who refused to fight the In- 

 dians, was shot by order of a court-martial. In 

 April a band of insurgents, led by one Amalla, 

 sacked the mining town of Guerrero, and after- 



ward defeated a body of Federal troops that pur- 

 sued them. Troops that were sent out in J une 

 to suppress the Yaqui Indians were ambushed, 

 and retired with severe losses. In the south of 

 Mexico an insurrection, begun by Gen. Neri in 

 Guerrero, was averted by a concession of the 

 autonomous rights that were demanded. In the 

 north the insurrectionary movement revived in 

 the late autumn, and Gen. McCook again made 

 arrangements to guard the frontier. Many citi- 

 zens of the Ascension district who were drafted 

 into the army were in sympathy with the insur- 

 rection. In an engagement in November, near 

 the river Casas Grandes, the Federals were 

 worsted. But the movement did not spread, as 

 the revolutionary leaders hoped it would : though 

 to the end of the year they remained in rebellion, 

 demanding the concession of rights such as had 

 been granted to the States of Cohahuila and 

 Guerrero, and denouncing Diaz for having al- 

 tered the Constitution, which restricted the 

 President to one term of office, and for granting 

 land and concessions to foreigners and obtaining 

 for himself and his adherents corrupt profits 

 therefrom, to the prejudice of the true interests 

 of the people. 



MICHIGAN, a Western State, admitted to 

 the Union Jan. 26, 1837; area, 58,915 square 

 miles. The population in 1890 was 2,093,889. 

 Capital, Lansing. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor, John T. Rich, 

 Republican; Lieutenant-Governor, J. Wight 

 Giddings ; Secretary of State, John W. Jochim ; 

 Treasurer. Joseph F. Hambitzer ; Auditor, 

 Stanley W. Turner; Attorney-General, Adol- 

 phus A. Ellis; Adjutant-General, Charles L. 

 Eaton ; Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

 Henry R. Pattengill ; Railroad Commissioner, 

 Simeon R. Billings ; Commissioner of Mineral 

 Statistics, James B. Knight ; Commissioner of 

 Insurance, W. E. Magill till July 1, when he was 

 succeeded by Theron F. Giddings ; Commissioner 

 of Banking, Theodore C. Sherwood; Commis- 

 sioner of State Land Office, John G. Berry ; In- 

 spector of Oils, Neill McMillan; Commissioner 

 of Labor, Charles H. Morse ; State Librarian, 

 Mary C. Spencer ; Chief Justice of the Supreme 

 Court, John W. McGrath ; Associate Justices, 

 Charles D. Long. Claudius B. Grant, Robert M. 

 Montgomery, Frank A. Hooker. 



Finances. The balance on hand in the 

 treasury, June 30. 1892, was $1.241,971.82; the 

 receipts during the year were $2,775,991.57 ; the 

 expenditures, $3,470,451.65 ; the balance, June 

 30, 1893, $.547,511.74. The outstanding bonds 

 are, past-due part-paid Five-Million-Loan bonds, 

 $19.000; adjustable at $558.57 per $1,000 (not 

 bearing interest), $10,992.83; trust fund debt, 

 $5.623,620.55. 



The railroad companies paid taxes amounting 

 to $849.696.82 ; fire-insurance companies, $131,- 

 971.25; life-insurance companies, $70,004.70; 

 telegraph companies, $10,619.72; telephone 

 companies, $15,941.21. The receipts from spe- 

 cific taxes now exceed $1,000,000 a year, and un- 

 der the Constitution this money can be used only 

 for payment of interest on the State debt, the 

 balance being transferred to the primary- 

 school interest fund, which is semiannually ap- 

 portioned among the counties for support of 



