NKT I IK 1 1 LANDS. 



507 



in .lava aiid Madura and in Mrnadn and i ! 



roa-t f Sumatra. The. area and |>o|iulation of 



tin- \an-ius po>seions an- e.-timated as follow: 



Of tlie inhabitants of Java and Madura corn- 

 pnted for 1891. 23,559,727 were natives, 42,504 

 Kuropeans, 243,006 Chinese. 14,047 Arabs, and 

 :!..">:>(> Hindus and others. The population of 

 Batavia, the capital of Java and Netherlands 

 India, was 104,590 in 1891; of Surabaya, 117,- 

 986; of Surakarta, 100.291. 



The budget of Netherlands India for 1893 

 makes the total receipts 130,464,898 guilders, of 

 which 29,882,524 guilders come from sales of 

 Government coffee, 5,643,462 guilders from sales 

 of tin, 178,200 guilders from sales of cinchona, 

 18,567,000 guilders from the opium monopoly, 

 !-J.s::i;,000 guilders from customs, 16,157,000 

 guilders from the land tax, 8.297,000 guilders 

 from the duty on salt, 1,738,000 guilders from 

 posts and telegraphs, 8,388,000 guilders from 

 railroads, and 28,777,712 guilders from other 

 sources. The expenses are estimated at 136,588,- 

 058 guilders, 25,489,592 guilders in Holland and 

 111,098,466 guilders in India, leaving a deficit 

 of 6,123,160 guilders. 



The army of the Dutch East Indies, which is 

 recruited by enlistment only, in 1893 numbered 

 537 officers and 2,544 men in the general staff 

 and auxiliary services, 707 officers and 26,715 

 men in the infantry, 33 officers and 853 men in 

 the cavalry, 90 officers, and 2,707 men in the ar- 

 tillery, and 10 officers and 584 men in the engi- 

 neers'; total, 1,377 officers and 33,403 men. Of 

 the rank and file, 13.593 were Europeans. The 

 naval force consisted in 1893 of 1 protected cor- 

 vcitc, 16 screw steamers, 5 paddle steamers, and 

 1 torpedo boat, carrying altogether 79 large and 

 7? small cannons. The personnel consisted of 

 627 officers, 557 surgeons, mechanics, etc.. and 

 5.939 seamen, exclusive of 2,921 naval militia- 

 men, 1,204 native sailors, and 55 officers and 

 2.106 men in the marine infantry. 



Tin 1 total value of the imports in 1891 was 

 14(5.)25,000 guilders of merchandise and 13,- 

 249.000 guilders of specie, of which 5,602,000 

 guilders of merchandise and 4,000,000 guilders 

 of specie were imported on Government account. 

 The exports of merchandise were 17,148,000 

 guilders on Government account and 158,572.- 

 000 guilders by individuals ; in all. 175.896,000 

 guilders. The specie export was 654,000 guil- 

 den. The exports of the principal articles of 

 domestic produce were in 1890 as follow: Sugar, 

 51.500.000 guilders; coffee, 36.600.000 guilders; 

 tobacco, 32,300,000 guilders: tin, 9.200,000 guil- 

 ders ; gutta-percha, 4,600,000 guilders ; pepper, 



4.200.000 guilders: indigo, 8,300,000 guilders; 

 rice. 2.900.000 guilders; dammar, 2,600,000 guil- 

 ders ; gambier, 2,600,000 guilders ; tea. 2.200,000 

 guilders; copra, 2,000,000 guilders; skins, 2.- 

 000.000 guilders. 



The railroads in operation in 1893 had a total 

 length of 1,361 kilometres, of which 1,258 were 

 in Java and 103 in Sumatra. There w i 

 kilometres in Java and 180 in Sumatra under 

 construction. The telegraphs belonging to the 

 state had a total length in 1893 of 7,852 kilo- 

 metres, with 9,095 kilometres of wires, besides 

 910 kilometres of cables. 



Legislation. Two important projects of law 

 that were brought before the States-Genernl by 

 the Government in 1893 were not readily adopted 

 because strong divergent opinions were held, on 

 both subjects. One was a measure for a wide 

 extension of the suffrage, and the other a thor- 

 ough revision of the military law making liabil- 

 ity to service equal and nearly universal. The 

 Constitution of 1887 conferred the right of suf- 

 frage on all male citizens twenty-three years of 

 age who pay a land tax of 10 guilders or more 

 or a direct personal tax higher than the limit of 

 partial exemption or are occupiers of the 

 defined in the law. It provided for a further 

 extension of the franchise, and Tak van Portvliet, 

 in his electoral bill, aimed to make suffrage as 

 nearly universal as the Constitution allowed. 

 He proposed to make every man a voter who 

 can make his application in writing and is able 

 to support himself and his family if he has one. 

 This would exclude only those who are unable 

 to read and write and recipients of public or 

 private charity. The division of opinion on the 

 bill had no relation to the old party lines. The 

 Radicals alone were solid in its support. The 

 Liberals and the Conservatives were split into 

 discordant factions, and the most uncompromis- 

 ing opponents of the reform were the members of 

 the Liberal party, who feared the Social Demo- 

 crats would not only become powerful in the 

 Chamber, but would soon secure the same fran- 

 chise for communal electors and make changes 

 in public taxation and expenditure that would 

 divert the resources of those who have for the 

 benefit of those who have not. Even a section' 

 of the Socialists condemned the Government 

 bill because it stopped short pf universal suf- 

 frage. Among the Catholic Clericals and the 

 Antirevolutionary or Protestant party many 

 were hostile to the bill, and almost as many ap- 

 proved its principle. In the First Chamber dur- 

 ing the discussion of the budget the ministry 

 was implored not to make a Cabinet question of 

 the electoral bill, for in case of a dissolution ' 

 the partios would be thrown into confusion. 

 Van Tien hoven, considered one of the moderate 

 men in the Cabinet, declared that the ministers 

 were agreed and collectively responsible. 



The project for the reorganization of the serv- 

 ice in the army and navy was intended to do 

 away with the system of substitution, making 

 personal military service obligatory in the stand- 

 ing armv, the militia, and the Landstnrm. The 

 proposed period of service is nine years, of which 

 three are spent in the active army, three in the 

 sedentary service, and three in the reserve. The 

 maximum annual contingent for the army and 

 navy together is fixed at 11,500 men. Recruits 



