526 



NEW YORK CITY. 



ers, one of whom must have been for five years 

 a practicing physician. The commissioner who 

 is not a physician is president of the board, and 

 receives a salary of $5,000, while the other mem- 

 ber is paid $4,000. The ex-officio commission- 

 ers receive no salary. The officials during 

 1893 were as follow : President Charles G. Wil- 

 son, Dr. Joseph D. Bryant, who resigned, and 

 was succeeded on March 30 by Dr. Cyrus Edson, 

 Health-Officer William T. Jenkins, and Presi- 

 dent of the Board of Police James J. Martin. 

 The secretary of the board is Emmons Clark, 

 and the headquarters are at 301 Mott Street. 

 The vital statistics were as follow : 



The principal causes of death were as follow : 

 Pneumonia, 6,476 : phthisis, 5,101 ; diarrhceal 

 diseases, 3,314 under five years, 2,901 ; Bright's 

 disease and nephritis, 2,561 ; heart disease, 2,376 ; 

 diphtheria, 1,962 ; bronchitis, 1,569 ; croup, 585 ; 

 scarlet fever, 551 ; whooping cough, 540 ; cere- 

 bro-spinal meningitis, 467; measles, 387; ty- 

 phoid fever, 380; influenza, 220; typhus fever, 

 201 ; malarial fever, 133 ; and smallpox, 100. 

 Besides the foregoing, there were 43 fatal sun- 

 strokes, 47 homicides, 313 suicides, and k 1,565 

 fatal accidents. 



Police. This department is controlled by a 

 board of 4 commissioners appointed by the 

 Mayor for a term of six years, who receive a 

 salary of $5,000 each. The board during 1893 

 consisted of James J. Martin, president, John 

 McClave, John C. Sheehan, and Charles F. Mc- 

 Lean. The superintendent of police is Thomas 

 F. Byrnes, and the headquarters are at 300 Mul- 

 berry Street. The force on Jan. 1, 1894, con- 

 sisted of a superintendent, 4 inspectors, 37 cap- 

 tains, 163 sergeants, 28 detectives, 179 rounds- 

 men, 3,296 patrolmen, 82 doormen, 15 surgeons, 

 20 matrons, 13 persons in telegraph office, a 

 chief of the Bureau of Elections, and 29 clerks 

 a total of 3,930. During the year 53 members 

 of the force died, 96 were retired, and 16 were 

 dismissed. 



Fires. This department is under the control 

 of a board of 3 commissioners, as follow : John 

 J. Scannell, president, Anthony Eickhoff, and 

 S. Howland Bobbins, who was succeeded on 

 May 1 by Henry Winthrop Gray, each of whom 

 receives a salary of $5,000 a year. The chief of 

 the department is Hugh Bonner, and the head- 

 quarters are at 157 East 67th Street. The force 

 on Jan. 1, 1894, included 1,056 officers and men, 

 58 engine companies (including 3 fireboats), 22 

 hook and ladder companies, 92 steam fire en- 

 gines (including 24 spare ones), 3 fireboats, 4 

 water towers (including 1 spare one), 34 hook 

 and ladder trucks (including 11 spare ones), and 

 405 horses. During the year there were 4.132 

 fires, of which 3,681 were confined to the point 

 of starting, 233 were confined to the building, 

 and 49 extended to other buildings. Of the 

 total number, 169 were -not in buildings. It is 



estimated that the losses by fire in 1893 amount- 

 ed to $5,630,937, the insurance on the buildings 

 and other property burned or damaged being 

 $80,447,194. The average loss at the fires for 

 the year was $1,362.42. There were 4,454 alarms 

 sent out. The underground telegraph system 

 has 386 alarm boxes, 53 apparatus houses, and 5 

 fire-department buildings. Thirty schoolhouses 

 and 4 hospitals are now connected by telegraph 

 through subways and subsidiary ducts by means 

 of 86 miles of cable, having 799f miles of con- 

 ductors. Telegraph poles to the number of 259 

 and 132-J miles of wire were taken down during 

 the year. There was received for licenses, per- 

 mits, and penalties, $48,153.80. 



Electrical Subways. This department is 

 under the control of a board of 4 commissioners, 

 consisting of the Mayor, Jacob Hess, Theodore 

 Moss, and Walton Storm. The office is at 1266 

 Broadway. During the year 100 miles of tele- 

 graph and telephone subway and 49f of light 

 and power subways were laid. There are now 

 in the city 874 miles of the former and 820 

 miles of the latter. There are 32,600 miles of 

 wire in the telegraph and telephone subways, 

 and 1,300 in the light and power subways. The 

 city has now 6,790 arc lamps and 268,000 incan- 

 descent lights. There are nearly 10,000 tele- 

 phones operated through the subways. The 

 board has removed 1,407 poles and 960 miles of 

 wire without expense to the city. The total 

 number of poles removed since the board came 

 into existence is 17,272, and the total miles of 

 wire 23,320. 



Docks. This department is under the con- 

 trol of 3 commissioners, each of whom receives 

 a salary of $5,000 a year. In the early part of 

 1893 the commissioners were Edwin A. Post, 

 president, James Matthews, and J. Sergeant 

 Cram ; but subsequent to May 1 the board be- 

 came J. Sergeant Cram, president, Andrew J. 

 White, and James J. Phelan. Office, Pier A, 

 North river. The work of 1893 included prep- 

 aration of a plan for improvement of the North 

 river front from Charles Street to West 23d 

 Street, adapted to the requirements of the 

 conditions and commerce of this port. This 

 plan proposes accommodations for docking the 

 largest existing vessels at a minimum ex- 

 pense, and an increase of wharfage room of 

 more than 3 miles. The expenditures of the 

 Dock Department amounted to $2,595,801.93, of 

 which $783.478.12 were for acquired property, 

 $1,557,350.96 for construction, and $254,972.85 

 for maintenance and repairs of the whole water 

 front. The gross revenue was $1,786,196.13. an 

 increase of more than $100,000 over any pre- 

 vious year. Applications for the rental of 10 

 of the new piers are in hand, for 2 of which 

 $60,000 a year each is offered, and the improve- 

 ment will tend to enhance the commercial su- 

 premacy of the city. In carrying it out, no ad- 

 ditional appropriation will be asked for. 



Street Cleaning. This department is man- 

 aged by a single commissioner, who receives a 

 salary of $6,000 a year. At the beginning of 

 1893 Thomas S. Brennan held the place of com- 

 missioner, but later he gave way to William S. 

 Andrews. Office, Room 187, Stewart Building. 

 During the year more than 109.852-12 miles of 

 streets have been swept, and 1,564,088 cart loads 



