532 



NICARAGUA. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



and the revolutionists 1,500, but the latter were 

 protected by covered intrenchments. 



Lewis Baker, the United States minister, who 

 had previously tried to mediate, persuaded both 

 parties to agree to an armistice and the ap- 

 pointment of peace commissioners. He presided 

 ever the commission, which consisted of 3 officers 

 from each side. It met at Sabana Grande, and 

 after consulting for two days, reached an agree- 

 ment under which Sacaza, on ^May 30, resigned 

 the presidency in favor of Senator Salvador 

 Machado, who was to serve until a constituent 

 assembly should have been elected, a new con- 

 stitution adopted, and under it a regular gov- 

 ernment constituted. The treaty provided that 

 the Provisional President should appoint only 

 one member of his Cabinet, while the revolu- 

 tionists were entitled to name three, thus in- 

 suring them a controlling voice in the coun- 

 cil. The Provisional Government was organ- 

 ized and installed in the public buildings in 

 the capital. Both armies were to be paid off 

 and disbanded. The costs of the war incurred 

 on both sides were to be borne by the Govern- 

 ment and made a part of the public debt. Be- 

 fore the revolutionary army was disbanded it 

 was allowed to enter Managua in triumph. 

 While the troops, 3,500 strong, were marching 

 past the police station a shot was fired into their 

 ranks, and without orders the soldiers fired back ; 

 the police returned the fire, and the fusillade 

 continued until they were overcome and many 

 police, soldiers, and spectators were killed. 



The people of Leon were not satisfied with the 

 outcome of the war, which restored the control 

 of national affairs to their old enemies, the 

 Grenadinos. The more eager and determined 

 among them proceeded secretly to enroll and 

 arm volunteers. No overt act was committed 

 till July 12. Acting-President Machado, Gen. 

 Avilez, the commander-in-chief of the forces, 

 and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Pro- 

 visional Government, who were visiting Leon on 

 that day, endeavoring to gain the good will of 

 the malcontents, were made prisoners and placed 

 in confinement. At the same time the military 

 barracks were seized, which were given up with- 

 out resistance, and five steamers on Lake Ma- 

 nagua were taken, to be used in transporting 

 troops. Col. Ortiz, the leader of the revolt, was 

 the military governor of the province. His 

 army numbered about 10,000 well-armed men, 

 while the Government had rifles for not more 

 than 7,000. The rebels captured the port of 

 Corinto, which the Provisional Government de- 

 clared closed to prevent the customs revenue 

 from being collected by them, also the town of 

 Chinandega, and fortified themselves at Momo- 

 lombo, on Lake Managua. Ortiz proclaimed 

 himself Provisional President of Nicaragua. The 

 Cabinet decided to give Zavala and Montrel full 

 charge of the Government and extraordinary 

 powers to organize forces and direct operations 

 against the Leon revolutionists. Gen. Avilez 

 succeeded in escaping from prison and took com- 

 mand of the troops of the Provisional Government. 

 A conference of leading men of the republic, 

 which was called at Managua to aid in reorganiz- 

 ing the Government, on July 17 nominated Joa- 

 quin Zavala Provisional President with dictato- 

 rial powers. He appointed a Cabinet, in which he 



retained Anselmo H. Rivas as Minister of State 

 and Frederico Solarzano as Minister of War, 

 making the latter also Minister of the Interior. 

 Santos Zelaya and fifty prominent men in the 

 Liberal party declared in favor of the rebellion 

 and went to Leon to aid in the revolution. Pro- 

 visional-President Zavala sent proposals of peace 

 to Leon and issued a manifesto promising com- 

 plete amnesty and security to all persons en- 

 gaged in the revolt. He left one place in the 

 Cabinet vacant to be given to a citizen of Leon 

 if the rebels should lay down their arms. There 

 came no reply to the peace proposals of Zavala. 

 On July 22 the revolutionists bombarded the vil- 

 lage of Mateare, where the Government troops 

 were encamped, on the south side of Lake Mana- 

 gua, near the capital. The fire was returned and 

 two of the steamers were struck by shells from the 

 Krupp guns. Re-enforcements were sent up to 

 Mateare, and Gen. Avilez went to the front to 

 take command. A severe battle was fought in 

 which 5,000 men were said to have been engaged, 

 including 600 Honduranians under Policarpo 

 Bonilla, who fought with the troops from Leon. 

 During the fight a detachment of the Govern- 

 ment troops deserted to the enemy. Gen. Ze- 

 laya, whose bold and skillful tactics had helped 

 more than anything else to win the battle of 

 Barranca against Sacaza's superior forces, was 

 the victor. The army of Gen. Avilez was driven 

 from its position after a long and stubborn 

 fight and retired upon Managua. The loss of 

 life was heavy on both sides. On July 25 the 

 revolutionists threw 30 shells from their steam- 

 ers into Managua, killing 5 persons. The Gov- 

 ernment forces evacuated the capital, retiring to 

 Grenada. Several engagements took place, in 

 all of which the generals of the Provisional Gov- 

 ernment were outmanoeuvred. On July 31 a 

 treaty of peace was signed on terms satisfactory 

 to the Progressists and Liberals alike, but not 

 to the Conservatives. Under it 1,000 of Za- 

 vala's men were disarmed at once, and all the 

 troops on both sides were disbanded within a 

 week. The Leon Junta assumed control of the 

 Government. Martial law, which had been in 

 force since April 28, was revoked. A general 

 amnesty was proclaimed. The war expenses of 

 both parties were made a charge upon the Gov- 

 ernment. Elections for a constituent assembly 

 were fixed for Aug. 27, and the meeting for 

 Sept. 15. Santos Zelaya was proclaimed Pro- 

 visional President. The voting was very light 

 and the candidates of the Liberal party were 

 elected without opposition. The Constituent 

 Assembly granted to Gen. Zelaya extraordinary 

 powers in dealing with political disturbers, and 

 also power to levy forced loans. 



NORTH CAROLINA, a Southern State, one 

 of the original thirteen, ratified the Constitution 

 Nov. 21, 1789; area, 52,250 square miles. The 

 population, according to each decennial census, 

 was 393,751 in 1790; 478,103 in 1800; 555,500 in 

 1810; 638.829 in 1820; 737,987 in 1830; 753,419 

 in 1840 ; 869,039 in 1850 ; 992.622 in 1860 : 1,071,- 

 361 in 1870; 1,399,750 in 1880; and 1,617,947 in 

 1890. Capital, Raleigh. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor, Elias Carr, 

 Democrat ; Lieutenant-Governor, Richard A. 

 Doughton ; Secretary of State, Octavius Coke ; 



