536 NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. 



NOVA SCOTIA. 



current action of the Governor and the Senate. 

 This legal point was brought before the State 

 Supreme Court for decision in May, in a case 

 involving the rights of the Penitentiary board. 

 It was then decided that the Governor could 

 appoint only with the concurrence of the Senate, 

 and that the former Penitentiary trustees could 

 hold over until their successors were qualified 

 according to the Constitution. Shortly after 

 this decision the Governor notified the Agricul- 

 tural College trustees that they were suspended 

 pending an investigation into the affairs of their 

 office. The State examiner was placed in charge, 

 and as a result of the inquiry, the Governor, on 

 Sept. 7, dismissed the board from office, on the 

 alleged ground of misconduct and incompetency, 

 and appointed a new board. The old board 

 questioned the power of the Governor to remove 

 them, and the Supreme Court was again ap- 

 pealed to. In November this court again 

 thwarted the efforts of the Governor by decid- 

 ing that he had no power to remove the board. 



The Prohibitory Law. In May the State 

 Supreme Court rendered a decision in the case 

 of State vs. Barnes, upholding the legality of 

 the prohibitory law. 



NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. The Gov- 

 ernment of the Northwest Territories compris- 

 ing the provinces of Assiniboia, Alberta, Sas- 

 katchewan, and Athabasca (see map in " Annual 

 Cyclopaedia " for 1891, page 480) though ad- 

 ministered by a lieutenant-governor and a legis- 

 lative assembly, is more immediately under the 

 control of the Dominion Government than that 

 of the other provinces. The capital is Regina. 

 The Government of this region, with an area of 

 431,000 square miles and a scattered population 

 of about 110,000, is under the supervision of the 

 Department of the Interior at Ottawa. 



The term of Hon. Joseph Royal, appointed 

 Lieutenant-Go vernor in 1888, expired in July, 

 1893, and he was succeeded in that office on 

 Nov. 1 by Hon. Charles Herbert Mackintosh, 

 member of Parliament for the city of Ottawa. 

 Lieut-Gov. Mackintosh has been long identified 

 with journalism in Canada, and since 1874 has 

 been chief editor of the Ottawa " Daily Citi- 

 zen." He first entered the Parliament of Can- 

 ada in 1882. 



Legislative Assembly. The third session of 

 the second Legislative Assembly opened on 

 Dec. 7 and closed on Dec. 31, 1892. The fol- 

 lowing were elected as Executive Committee : 

 Messrs. P. W. G. Haultain, J. R. Neff, T. Tweed, 

 and Hillyard Mitchell. The functions of this 

 executive committee are to advise the Lieuten- 

 ant-Governor in the expenditure of funds. 



The legislation of the session comprised 38 

 ordinances, the most important being those re- 

 specting education. In this department im- 

 portant changes were effected, the principal be- 

 ing the substitution of a Council of Public In- 

 struction, composed of the members of the Ex- 

 ecutive Committee and 4 appointed members, 2 

 Protestants and 2 Roman Catholics, in place of 

 the former board of education. During 1892 

 there were 249 schools in operation, with 295 

 teachers and 6,170 pupils, an increase of 27 

 schools, 28 teachers, and 718 pupils compared 

 with the returns for the year before. Fifty- 

 three new schools were opened last year. 



Products. The raising of live stock is one 

 of the most important industries of the Terri- 

 tories. The grazing lands are principally in the 

 Province of Alberta and in the southern portion 

 of Assiniboia. The numbers of the various 

 kinds of live stock in those districts in 1892 

 were: Cattle, 139,283: horses, 20,579; sheep, 

 80,087. The total of live stock in the Territo- 

 ries in 1893 was estimated at 314,949 head. The 

 number of grazing leases in force in the Terri- 

 tories in 1892 was 142, covering an area of 

 1,801.209 acres. 



The total catch of fish last year in the Terri- 

 tories was estimated at 19,836,800 pounds, valued 

 at $793,549. Whitefish and pike are the staple 

 fish, of the former of which a catch of 11,435,000 

 pounds was returned, and of the latter 8,000,000 

 pounds. The Indians, especially in the north 

 Saskatchewan district, live on fish. 



The sawmill returns gave the following quan- 

 tities of building material as having been manu- 

 factured and sold in 1892 in the 5 agencies of 

 Manitoba, Assiniboia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, 

 and British Columbia: Sawed lumber, 40,672,- 

 928 feet manufactured, 43,527,156 feet sold; 

 shingles, 6,546,000 manufactured, 7,018,500 sold ; 

 laths, 1,195,150 manufactured, 1,535,190 sold. 

 No account is taken of the cut of logs, large 

 quantities of which are exported. 



Last spring the President of the Canadian 

 Pacific Railway, in his reply to the address of 

 the Legislature of the Northwest Territories 

 complaining of the ruinous freight rates on 

 wheat and coal, declared that the railway com- 

 pany suffered an actual loss in transporting 

 wheat from that country. 



During 1892 the following railway lines were 

 completed: Calgary and Edmonton, High River 

 to Macleod, and the Canadian Pacific Railway 

 Souris Branch road from Oxbow to Estevan. 



Surveys. Much work was done during 1893 

 in connection with topographical surveys and 

 explorations in the Northwest. Some time ago 

 R. G. McConnell was sent by the Canadian 

 Government on an exploring expedition to the 

 Mackenzie river district. In October, 1893, he 

 returned to Vancouver and reported that he 

 had discovered the source of Mackenzie river 

 to be a lake at the head of Findley river; 

 and that gold was found in paying quantities 

 for 250 miles along the course of the latter 

 stream. 



Mormons. Of the various colonies estab- 

 lished in the Northwest, the most interesting as 

 well as the most prosperous is the Mormon set- 

 tlement at Lee's Creek, Alberta. It numbers 

 now about 1,000 persons, and the abandonment 

 of the special tenet of their faith (polygamy) has 

 left them without any very distinguishing fea- 

 ture. They are singularly economical, ingen- 

 ious, and progressive, and, as a result of their in- 

 dustry and intelligent operations, are in a very 

 prosperous condition. 



NOVA SCOTIA, an eastern province of the 

 Dominion of Canada ; area, 20,907 square miles ; 

 population in 1891. 450,523. Capital, Halifax. 



Legislation. The third session of the thir- 

 tieth General Assembly of the Province of Nova 

 Scotia was opened by Lieut.-Gov. Daly on Jan. 

 19, 1893, and closed on April 28. In his open- 

 ing address he said : 



