550 



OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (ENGLISH FEUARDENT.) 



compositions were the operas " The Doctor of Alcan- 

 tara " (1862), " The Rose of Tyrol," "A Night in Kome," 

 and " The Two Cadis." 



English, Earl, naval officer, born in Crosswicks, N. J., 

 Feb. 18, 1824; died in Washington, B.C., July Iti, 

 1893. He was appointed a midshipman in the United 

 States navy, Feb. 25, 1840 ; was commissioned passed 

 midshipman, July 11, 1846 ; master, March 1, 1855 ; 

 lieutenant, Sept. 14 following ; lieutenant-command- 

 er, July 16, 1862 ; commander, July 25, 1866 ; cap- 

 tain, Sept. 28, 1871 ; commodore, March 25, 1880 ; rear- 

 admiral, Sept. 4, 1884; and was retired, Feb. 18, 1886. 

 During his active career in the navy he was on sea 

 service twenty-seven years and four months, on shore 

 or other duty fifteen years and eleven months, and 

 was unemployed nine years and seven months. He 

 served on the Pacific coast till 1846 ; through the 

 Mexican War ; made a series of deep-sea soundings be- 

 tweenNewfoundland and Ireland in 1852; was wounded 

 in the attack on the barrier forts near Canton, China, 

 in 1857; and was on duty in the Gulf of Mexico dur- 

 ing the greater part of the civil war. On Feb. 18, 

 1868, he gave asylum on his ship, the " Iroquois," at 

 Osaka,to the defeated Tycoon of Japan. His lastserv- 

 ice prior to retirement was as commandant of the 

 European squadron. 



Enochs, William H., lawyer, born near Middleburg, 

 Noble County, Ohio, March 29, 1842; died in Ironton, 

 Ohio, July 12-13, 1893. He was brought up on a 

 farm ; received a common-school education ; enlisted 

 as a private in the Union army in 1861, and was pro- 

 moted through all the grades to that of colonel and 

 brevet brigadier-general of volunteers ; and was 

 graduated at the Cincinnati Law Sc-hool in 1S66. He 

 was elected to Congress in Is'.H) and 18<i2 from the 

 12th Ohio District as a Republican, and served on 

 the committees on public buildings and grounds, and 

 on militia. He was found dead in bed on July 13. 



Evans, Frederick William, elder of the New Lebanon 

 Shakers, born in Leominster, Worcestershire, P^ng- 

 land, June 9, 1808 ; died in Lebanon, N. Y., March 6, 

 1893. He emigrated to the United States in 1820- 

 was apprenticed to the hatter's trade ; and read and 

 studied till, to use his own words, " I became a ma- 

 terialist, a socialist, a land reformer, and an infidel to 

 all the popular church and state religions of Christen- 

 dom." On finishing his apprenticeship he made a 

 long journey on foot through the West, and went 

 down the Mississippi to New Orleans. During this 

 journey he was converted to the socialistic theories of 

 Robert Owen, and to communism while visiting the 

 community at Massillon, Ohio. In 1829 he returned 

 to England, where he remained a year ; then returned 

 to New York, and assisted his brother George, and 

 others, in perfecting plans for a new community. 

 While in search of a suitable location, he visited the 

 United Society of Believers at Mount Lebanon, and 

 was so impressed with the candor, simplicity, and 

 principles of the community that he united with it 

 and " became a Shaker." In 1838 he was chosen 

 elder of the North Family, and in 1858 first elder of 3 

 of the other families, and he resided with the North 

 Family till his death. During his career as a Shaker 

 he lectured and wrote frequently on the principles, 

 the mission, and the practical results of such com- 

 munal life. His publications included : " Compen- 

 dium of Principles, Rules, Doctrines, and Government 

 of Shakers, with Biographies or Ann Lee and 

 Others" (New York, 1859); "Autobiography of a 

 Shaker" and " Tests of Divine Revelation " (1869) ; 

 "Shaker Communism " (London, 1871); "Religious 

 Communism," a lecture delivered in London (1872) ; 

 and " Second Appearing of Christ " (1873). He also 

 edited and published, with Antoinette Doolittle, 

 " The Shaker and Shakeress," a periodical (1873-'75). 

 His "Autobiography of a Shaker" was first pub- 

 lished in the " Atlantic Monthly." 



Farmer, Moses &errish, electrician, born in Boscawen, 

 N. H., Feb. 9, 1820 ; died in Chicago, 111., May 25, 

 1893. He was graduated at Dartmouth College, where 

 he had given special attention to chemistry and elec- 



tro-magnetism, in 1844, and spent two years teaching 

 in Elliot, Me., and Dover, N. H., and in lecturing. 

 While in Dover he invented several forms of electro- 

 motors, one of which he used on a miniature railway 

 and another to drive a vertical lathe in his experi- 

 mental workshop. Both of these motors were de- 

 vised primarily to illustrate his lectures on electro- 

 magnetism, in which he also showed that the electric 

 current could be used for discharging torpedoes and 

 in submarine blasting. On his miniature railway he 

 carried the first passengers ever transported by elec- 

 tricity in this country. About this time he also con- 

 structed an electric clock, and invented the sickle- 

 shape climbers for telegraph linemen. In 1847 he 

 removed to Framingham, Mass., and there in the fol- 

 lowing year in/ented the telegraph fire alarm with its 

 striking machine. In 1851 he planned and built the 

 telegraph fire-alarm system in Boston, which was the 

 pioneer of the system now in general use, and on fin- 

 ishing it was appointed its superintendent. The fol- 

 lowing year he built a telegraph line for Prof. A. D. 

 Bache, of the United States Coast Survey, connecting 

 the Cambridge Observatory with the Boston office, 

 and constructed for the late Admiral Wilkes a chro- 

 nograph designed to determine the velocity of sound. 

 An electro-magnetic drill for stonework, the syn- 

 chronous multiplex telegraph, and the multiple sys- 

 tem of vats in series for the electro-deposition of cop- 

 per and other metals, were invented and constructed 

 in 1853. In 1856 he invented the printing telegraph ; 

 in 1858, a system of duplex telegraphy ; in 1859, pat- 

 ented another form of the duplex telegraph, and il- 

 lumined his house in Salem with the incandescent 

 electric light on a plan of his own ; in 1865, invented 

 a thermo-electric battery and constructed the first dy- 

 namo machine: in 1872, invented the four-function re- 

 lay for the guidance of the Lay movable torpedo ; in 

 1874, patented an adjusting electric lamp with carbon 

 points ; in 1880, patented an automatic electric-light 

 system ; and in 1881, invented an electric motor for 

 use on elevated railways. From 1872 till 1881 he was 

 electrician at the United States Naval Torpedo Sta- 

 tion at Newport, R. I. At the time of his death lie 

 was examining at the Columbian Exhibition the tri- 

 umphs of the science lie had made his life study and 

 done so much to promote. 



Farwell, Nathan Allen, lawyer, born in Unity, Me., 

 Feb. 24, 1812; died in Rockland, Me., Dec. 9,1893. 

 He received a common-school education, followed the 

 sea for several years, was admitted to the bar and 

 settled in Rockland to practice, and entered political 

 life about 1850. In 1854, 1861, and 1862 he was elected 

 to the State Senate as a Republican in 1860, 1863, and 

 1864 to the Lower House ; and in 1861 was President of 

 the Senate. He was a delegate to the National Re- 

 publican Convention in Baltimore in 1864, and to the 

 Loyalists' Convention in Philadelphia in 1866, and 

 from Dec. 5, 1864, till March 3, 1867, he filled the va- 

 cancy in the United States Senate caused by the 

 resignation of William Pitt Fessenden. For many 

 years before his death he was largely interested in 

 the shipping trade and in marine insurance. 



Feuardent, Gaston L., archaeologist, born in Cher- 

 bourg, France, in 1843 ; died in New York city, June 

 12, 1893. His grandfather was a noted antiquary, and 

 his father is now an art dealer in Paris and an expert 

 in antiquities for the Louvre. Gaston was associated 

 with his father till 1868, when he went to London and 

 represented him there till 1876, being employed for a 

 considerable period by the British Museum as an ex- 

 pert in numismatics. He removed to New York city 

 in 1876, became a member of the Numismatic Society 

 in the following year, and for many years was en- 

 gaged in business as a dealer in coins and antiquities. 

 At the request of the late Lieutenant-Commander 

 Gorringe, he examined critically the coins found at 

 the site of the obelisk, now in Central Park, and wrote 

 a valuable monograph on them and on the inscrip- 

 tions on the obelisk. In 1884 he attacked the authen- 

 ticity of the Cesnola Cyprian collection in the Metro- 

 politan Museum of Art, and lost a suit for libel that 



