576 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (ADOLF BROWN.) 



anchor the rails; completed the Saratoga and Sche- 

 nectady Railroad in 1839, later the line from Sche- 

 nectady to Utica,and the Hudson River road in 1851 ; 

 and was President of the Hudson River Railroad Com- 

 pany for two years. Next he was the builder and for 

 some time President of the Panama Railroad, and 

 afterward was superintendent of the western division 

 of the New York Central Railroad. He was the old- 

 est living; graduate of West Point. 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN, FOR 1893. 

 Adolf, Georg, Prince of Schanmburg-Lippe, born at 

 Buckeburg, Aug. 1, 1817 ; died there, May 8, 1893. 

 He married Hermine, Princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont, 

 and leaves several sons, of whom Georg, born Oct. 5, 

 1845, succeeds him. 



Alexander of Battenberg, Prince, ex-Prince of Bul- 

 garia, born April 5, 1857 ; died in Gratz, Austria, 

 Nov. 17, 1893. He was the second son of Prince 

 Alexander of Hesse and of Julie, Princess of Batten- 

 berg, a daughter of Count Maurice de Haucke, once 

 Minister of 'War in the Kingdom of Poland. He was 

 trained in the German military service, which he 

 entered in 1870 ; joined the Russian army in 1877 ; 

 accompanied the Grand Duke Nicholas in the Turk- 

 ish campaign ; and on April '29, 1879, was elected by 

 the Grand Sobranje to be the tirst Prince of Bulgaria, 

 and was approved by the Czar, the Sultan, and the 

 powers, lie incurred the displeasure of the present 

 Czar by joining the National party of Bulgaria in re- 

 fusing to submit to the tutelage of Russian officers, 

 and a rupture took place after the Roumelian revolu- 

 tion and the union of the two Bulgarias. This led 

 to the Servian war of 1885, which Alexander won by 

 the rapidity with which he brought up the Roume- 

 lian militia at Slivnitza. A military conspiracy was 

 formed against Prince Alexander by Russian sym- 

 pathizers and hirelings in the army, and on Aug. 20, 

 1886, he was kidnaped. His captors liberated nim, 

 but he found his position intolerable, and abdicated. 

 Prince Bismarck, in 1888, prevented on political 

 grounds a marriage between Alexander and Princess 

 Victoria of Prussia. In 1890 he abandoned his prince- 

 ly rank and title for the purpose of contracting a mar- 

 riage with Johanna Loisir.ger, a singer. 



Ali bin Said, Sultan of Zanzibar, born in 1855 ; died 

 March 5, 1893. He was the brother of the Sultans 

 Burghash and Khalifa, and succeeded the latter on 

 Feb. 13, 1890. During his reign an arrangement was 

 made between Germany and England whereby the 

 latter established a protectorate over Zanzibar, and 

 in October, 1831, assumed the administration. 



Andrae. 0. 0., Danish statesman, born in 1812; died 

 in Copenhagen, Feb. 3, 1893. He was an officer ot 

 the army and professor in the military school in early 

 manhood ; entered the Folkething, and took a prom- 

 inent part in its proceedings and those of the Land- 

 thing after 1848; was often called into the Cabinet; 

 and in 1856 was Prime Minister. He was one of the 

 first advocates of proportional representation, and 

 was a mathematician of the first rank. 



Apolloni. Achilles, Italian prelate, born in Agnani, 

 May 13, 1822; died in Rome, April 3, 1893. He was 

 educated at the College of Noble Ecclesiastics, and 

 was appointed domestic chaplain to the Pope ; became 

 apostolic delegate to Macerata, and afterward canon 

 of St. Peter's. In 1868 he was made auditor of the 

 rota ; in 1884, vice-camerlengo ; and on May 24, 1889, 

 was created a cardinal deacon. , 



Ballance, John, Premier of New Zealand, born in 

 County Antrim, Ireland, in March, 1839; died in 

 Auckland, April 27, 1893. He was educated at a na- 

 tional school, and was trained to the business of an 

 ironmonger, which he followed in his own country 

 and in Birmingham, England, until he emigrated to 

 New Zealand "in 1866. There he was first a sheep 

 farmer, then opened a jewelry store in Wanganui, 

 and finally succeeded with a newspaper, the " Her- 

 ald," established in the same town. He was elected 

 to the House of Representatives in 1875 as an advo-, 

 cate of a central administration ; became Minister of 

 Education in 1878, and afterward Colonial Treasurer; 



resigned in July, 1879, because he could not approve 

 the arbitrary proceedings of Sir George Grey ; was 

 Minister of Native Atfairs and of Defense and Lands 

 in the coalition Cabinet of Sir Robert Stout and Sir 

 Julius Vogel in 1884-'87 ; led the Opposition against 

 Sir Harrv Atkinson, ana became Premier in Janu- 

 ary, 189L 



Birch, Charles Bell, English sculptor, born in 1832; 

 died in London in October, 1893. His busts, statues, 

 and groups were very numerous. He executed a 

 colossal statue of Lord Beaconsfield for the city of 

 Liverpool, and one of Queen Victoria for India ; also a 

 monutnent of Jenny Lind. 



Bleichroeder, Gerson, Baron von, German banker, born 

 in December, 1822; died in Berlin, Feb. 20, 1893. The 

 firm of which he was the head became connected 

 with the Rothschilds as early as 1828. Under his 

 management it grew from small beginnings to the 

 leading banking house of Berlin before the war of 

 1866, during which it was intrusted by the Prussian 

 Government with all its financial operations. Bleich- 

 roeder's financial knowledge was so esteemed by the 

 Emperor Wilhelm I and Prince Bismarck, who was 

 his friend, that they summoned him to Versailles to 

 determine the amount of indemnity that should be 

 demanded of France and the manner in which it 

 should- be paid. For this service he received the 

 Iron Cross, a rare honor for a man in private life. 

 He left nearly 100,000,000 marks. 



Brabourno, Edward Hugessen Knatchbnll - Hngessen, 

 Baron, English statesman, born in 1829; died Feb. 6, 

 1893. He was the son of a Kentish baronet, was 

 educated at Eton and at Magdalen College, Oxford, 

 where he took his degree in 1850, and in 1857 was 

 elected to Parliament as member for Sandwich. Un- 

 der Lord Palmerston in 1859 and Earl Russell in 1866 

 lie was a Lord of the Treasury, became Under Sec- 

 retary for the Home Department in 1866, and again 

 under Mr. Gladstone in 1868, and Under Secretary 

 for the Colonies in 1871. In 1880 he was raised to 

 the peerage, and almost immediately he deserted the 

 Liberal party and became a strong Conservative. In 

 later years he wrote and spoke against home rule, 

 and was prominent in the Liberty and Property De- 

 fense League. He was the author of quaint books 

 for children, fairy tales for the most part, including 

 " Stories for our Children " and u Friends and Foes of 

 Fairyland," also of a u Life of Cromwell " and many 

 political pamphlets. His literary knack may have 

 been inherited from his maternal great-aunt, Jane 

 Austen, whose letters he edited. 



Broadwood. Henry Fowler, English piano-maker, born 

 June 6, 1811 ; died July 8, 1893. He was the grand- 

 son of John Broadwood, the first piano-maker of the 

 name, who came to London in 1769. Henry Broad- 

 wood was one of the most skillful and scientific of 

 piano-makers, and introduced many improvements 

 in the art. He entered his father's factory at the age 

 of twenty-one, and in 1836 became a partner in the 

 Broadwood firm, devoting his attention at first to im- 

 proving the structure of concert grands. In 1843 he 

 produced a square piano with an iron frame, and in 

 the same year a grand piano .with iron frame, the first 

 of the kind. His long life was given to the study of 

 his art, and he was always ready to welcome the dis 

 coveries of others. He was liberal-minded in the 

 conduct of his business, and his artistic sentiment 

 was quite as marked a feature as his profound knowl- 

 edge of music. 



Brown, Ford Madox. English painter, born in 1820; 

 died in London, in October, 1893. He was once one 

 of the chiefs of the English pre-Raphaelite movement. 

 His last works adorn the museum and the city hall 

 of Manchester. His earlier pictures were marked by 

 dramatic interest, as " Romeo and Juliet," " Elijah 

 and the Widow's Son," "Lear dividing his King- 

 dom," and his later works, as "Haydee," " Pi eta," 

 and " Farewell to England," in the pre-Raphaelite 

 manner, were highly imaginative and original. In 

 later life he neglected his art to propagate his philo- 

 sophical theories and socialistic doctrines. 



