OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (DuFOUR FERBV.) 



57'J 



tii'ii bis own election. On his return to Russia lie 

 VULS iip|>iiited tJovernor "I' Kharkotf, and in .lunuary, 

 I*--.:, civil governor and ooiiiinaudcr in chief in tho 



( 'llUrilHUH. 



Dufour, Jean Etienne, Swiss statesman, born near 

 Geneva, in lstu;<li(-<l in Yverdon, in September, 1898. 

 He \MI.H u i/ai-'leiier'w BOD, who grew up an active and 

 iutellcetuiil v "in h und [ilmiired into politics at the 

 time when thf (Jem-van eiti/ens began to rebel against 

 the Radical rgime of Jean Fa/y. The Conservative 

 anil Liberal coalition chose Dutour for its leader, and 

 thus he lici-amc tho president of the cantonal State 

 Council und a member of tins National Council when 

 his party gained tho ascendancy. He had been 

 chosen president of tho commission for tho national 

 exhibition at Geneva in 1896, and had done much of 

 tin- preparatory work of organization when ho was 

 surprised by deuth. 



Edelsheiin-Gyulai, Baron Leopold, Austrian general, 

 born, in < 'arlsruhe, in 1827; died in Buda-Pesth, March 

 J7. ls'.3. He entered the Austrian army as a cadet. 

 n>M' rapidly, distinguished himself at Magenta and 

 Solferino in 1859, held an important command in the 

 war of 186t>, and after its close was appointed inspec- 

 tor of cavalry and charged with the thorough re- 

 organization of that arm of the service. Having com- 

 pleted this task, he resigned in 1875, and soon after- 

 ward he was appointed to the supreme military com- 

 mand in Hungary. 



Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, born in Co- 

 burg, June 21, 1818; died at Reinhardsbrunn, Aug. 

 22, 1893. He was a year older than his only brother 

 Albert, the Prince Consort of England. In 1842 he 

 married Princess Alexandrine of Baden, who bore him 

 no children. He succeeded his father, Ernst 1, in 

 1844. In 1863 his name was proposed for the vacant 

 throne of Greece, which he refused for state reasons. 

 He was an earnest defender of state rights in Ger- 

 many, a prince of liberal ideas, a great friend of art 

 and artiste, and a composer of no mean ability, as well 

 as an author. In 1887 he published three volumes of 

 memoirs. He is succeeded by his nephew Alfred, 

 Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Great Britain and Ire- 

 land, who is married to the Grand Duchess Marie 

 Alexandrovna, sister of the Czar, and has one son, 

 Alfred, born in 1874. 



Faider, Charles, Belgian jurist, born in Trieste, in 

 1811; died in Brussels, April 12,1893. He was the 

 son of a Belgian functionary of the lirst empire, was 

 admitted to the bar at Brussels in 1832, entered the 

 magistracy, became Attorney-General at Brussels, 

 and from Oct. 13, 1852, till March 30, 1855, held the 

 portfolio of Justice in the Cabinet of Henri de Brouc- 

 kere. He succeeded Matthieu Leclercq as Procureur- 

 G4ndral. In 1858 he presided over the congress on 

 literary property at Brussels. He was learned in all 

 departments of the law, and in the laws of all nations 

 and ages, and was the author of many memoirs treat- 

 ing of provincial and communal institutions and their 

 history, and of customary laws, primary education, 

 and the civil status of religious corporations. 



Ferry, Jules, French statesman, born in St. Die", 

 Vosu'es, April 5, 1832; died in Paris, March 17, 1893. 

 He studied law in Paris, plunged into political jour- 

 nalism, becoming a writer for "Le Temps" in 1865, 

 and made himself famous in 1868 by a satirical pam- 

 phlet on the extravagant outlay on the rebuilding of 

 Paris, to which ho gave the title " Les comptes fan- 

 tastiques d'Haussmann," parodying "Les contes fan- 

 tastique d'Hoffmann." He had been an unsuccessful 

 candidate for the Corps Legislatif in 1868. After 

 this hit he was elected in Paris in 1869 as a Radical 

 Democrat, and was one of the Deputies who called for 

 the dissolution of tho Chamber and free elections, and 

 in 1870 opposed the war with Germany. When tho 

 republic was proclaimed the Paris Deputies were all 

 called into the Government of National Defense, to 

 which he was appointed secretary, being charged also 

 with the administration of the Seine. He displayed 

 great energy and personal courage in contending with 

 the insurgent National Guards and the Commune, and 



when he succeeded Arago in the central mayoralty, on 

 Oct. 81, 1870, he ordered the distribution of bread, 

 and defended the Hotel de Ville against a body of 

 National Guards who attempted to overthrow the 

 Provisional Government. He resigned his official 

 functions when, alter the peace, he was elected Deputy 

 tor tlu; V cages. In May, 1871, he accepted the oitice 

 of Prefect of the Seine, but his resolute proceedings 

 during the siege had made him obnoxious to the 

 populace, and within two weeks he was replaced. 

 His unpopularity stood in the way of his appointment 

 us minister to Washington. In the Chamber he could 

 not work harmoniously with Thiers.and therefore he 

 was appointed minister to Athens, where he remained 

 till the fall of Thiers. After his return he became a 

 leader of the Republican Opposition, being elected 

 President of the Republican Left He was prominent 

 in every parliamentary crisis that occurred during the 

 presidency of MacMahou, and was one of the fore- 

 most of the 893 Deputies who voted down the Due dc 

 Broglie's ministry in 1877. He devoted himself espe- 

 cially to financial questions, serving industriously on 

 the Budget Committee and as President of the Tariff 

 Commission. When the Republic was made definitive 

 and Grevy was elected President, Jules Ferry came to 

 the front as one of the most important members of 

 Grdvy's first Cabinet. As Minister of Education he 

 reopened the religious question, and exasperated the 

 Catholics by proposing in 1879 his bill to regulate the 

 right of the clergy to teach, and of the free universi- 

 ties to confer degrees, especially by the famous Article 

 VII of the bill directed against the Jesuits, which 

 prohibited teaching in public or private establish- 

 ments by members of unauthorized religious congre- 

 gations. The bill passed the Chamber by a large 

 majority, but was rejected by the Senate on the 

 recommendation of a committee containing several 

 moderate Republicans, and having Jules Simon for its 

 el mini urn. In 1880, when he was Minister of Educa- 

 tion under M. deFreycinet, the bill was again brought 

 in and lost by a small majority in the Senate. Ferry 

 then proceeded to expel the Jesuits under old laws 

 that nad become obsolete. The Radicals in the 

 Cabinet resigned because he did not proscribe the 

 other unauthorized congregations as well. Ferry then 

 formed a Cabinet, and rigorously carried out the 

 principle of Article VII. He acknowledged the lead- 

 ership of Gambetta, and was not less energetic and 

 more combative than his leader in pursuing the ideal 

 of a genuine republic free from socialistic tendencies, 

 but purely secular and democratic, and safe from 

 monarchical and clerical reactionary influences. When 

 he was Premier, he planned with Bartbdlemy St.-Hi- 

 laire the annexation of Tunis, knowing that Germany 

 would not and that England and Austria could not 

 object, that Turkey's protest would be futile, but that 

 the friendship of Italy would have to be sacrificed. 

 In November, 1881, having been a year in office, he 

 retired on being attacked on account of the Tunisian 

 expedition, willingly making way for the Gambetta 

 ministry. When Gambetta died, in the following year. 

 Ferry succeeded to the leadership of the Opportunist*. 

 He joined the Freycinet Cabinet as Minister of In- 

 struction after the fall of Gambctta's ministry, then 

 remained for about a year out of office, and on the de- 

 feat of the Fallieres ministry assumed the premier- 

 ship and the Ministry of Public Instruction. This he 

 exchanged for that of Foreign Affairs. Capt Henri 

 Riviere having perished in Tonquin,the victim of his 

 own foolhardy courage, the whole public clamored for 

 the vindication of French prestige. Ferry saw in 

 French India, as in Tunis, on outlet for the martial 

 and ambitious spirit that was likely to plunge the 

 country unprepared into another trial of arms with 

 Germany. He hesitated at first, perceiving that oper- 

 ations in Tonquin would be useless unless they re- 

 sulted in the conquest and organization of tho coun- 

 try. When they were at last undertaken on an 

 adequate scale, and the eyes of the French people were 

 opened to the magnitude of the sacrifice tnat was re- 

 quired, then the strongest and deepest political senti- 



