586 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (RUCHONNET STEFAN.) 



of which he became president, and subsequently, 

 under the joint control, he was the English Comp- 

 troller-General till 1879, when he retired. 



Euchomiet, L., Swiss statesman, born in England, in 

 1885 ; died in Bern, Sept. 21, 1893. He was the son 

 of Swiss parents, who sent him to Lausanne for his 

 education. Embracing the profession of the law, he 

 distinguished himself at the bar by his eloquence, and 

 became chief of the Radical Democratic party. He 

 passed successively through all elective offices, be- 

 coming President* of the Council of State in 1878, 

 then a member of the Federal Council, and in 1884 

 President of the Swiss Confederation. He was the 

 representative of the Canton of Vaud, where he 

 founded important credit and savings institutions, 

 and regulated the waters of Lake Geneva- He was 

 minister successively of Public Instruction, Com- 

 merce, and Justice and Police, and was the author of 

 improvements in agricultural education, the manage- 

 ment of railroads, and other branches. 



Schaafhausen, Prof., German anthropologist, died in 

 Bonn, in February, 1893. He gained a world-wide 

 reputation by his discoveries in the valley of the 

 Rhine, which he thoroughly explored in search of 

 prehistoric remains. He discovered the lake dwell- 

 ings of Andernach and the famous Neanderthal skull. 

 As professor at Bonn he made one of the completes! 

 collections of prehistoric skulls in existence. 



Scheurl, Christoph Gottlieb Adolf von, German jurist, 

 born in Nuremberg, Jan. 7, 1811 ; died there, Jan. 24, 

 1893. He studied and taught in the University of 

 Erlangen, where he became extraordinary professor 

 in 1840, and in 1845 ordinary Professor of Roman and 

 Ecclesiastical Law. As a Deputy in the Bavarian 

 Chamber in 1845-'49 he labored on the reform of 

 criminal law procedure. His best-known works are 

 " Lehrbuch der Institutionen" (1850); "Beitrage zur 

 Bearbeitung des rOmischen Rechts" (1854-'8t>) ; and 

 " Das gemeine deutsche Eherecht" (1882). 



Schmerling. Anton von, Austrian statesman, born in 

 Vienna, Aug. 23, 1805; died there, May 23, 1893. 

 lie studied Taw in the Vienna University, practiced 

 in the provincial courts, became a councilor of the 

 Court of Appeals in 1846, and in 1848 was sent to 

 Frankfort to represent his Government in the draught- 

 ing of a German Constitution. He was chosen Presi- 

 dent of the Federal Diet, and afterward was elected a 

 member of the German National Assembly. Oppos- 

 ing the Prussian hegemony, he resigned the post of 

 Minister of the Interior at the end of 1848, took his 

 place in the Austrian Imperial Assembly, and re- 

 turned to Frankfort as Austrian plenipotentiary. 

 When the King of Prussia was elected German Em- 

 peror, in 1849, Schmerling returned to Vienna and be- 

 came Minister of Justice in the Cabinet of Prince 

 Schwartzenberg. Resigning for political reasons in 

 1851, he became President of the Court of Cassation. 

 In 1861 he was called to the head of the Government 

 as Minister of State, an^ endeavored to carry out a 

 policy of constitutional reform and the unification of 

 the empire as a single constitutional state. The 

 Hungarians would not accept his programme of 

 amalgamation, and in July, 1865, he had to retire. 

 He became President of the Supreme Court, was a 

 member of the Bohemian and the Lower Austrian 

 Diets, was appointed a life member of the Upper 

 House in 1867, and after 1879 was the leader of the 

 Opposition to the federal policy of Count Taafe. 



Schoelcher, Victor, French statesman, born in Paris, 

 July 21, 1805; died there, Dec. 26, 1893. He was the 

 son of a manufacturer of porcelain to whom the in- 

 dustry is indebted for various improvements. Visit- 

 ing the United States and Cuba in 1829, he became 

 impressed with the inhumanity of slavery, and wrote 

 several works advocating abolition. In 1848, as 

 under secretary of the Ministry of Marine and the 

 Colonies, he proposed the decree proclaiming the 

 principle of emancipation in all French dominions, 

 lie was expelled from France after the coup cFftat, 

 and afterward from Belgium, took up his residence in 

 England, and did not return to France till after Se- 



dan. During the siege of Paris he served as a colonel 

 on the general staff of the National Guard. After the 

 establishment of the republic he was elected a Depu- 

 ty for the Seine, and in December, 1876, was chosen 

 a Senator. 



Schulz, Albert, known also under the pen name Ban 

 Marte. German philologist, born in Schwedt, on the 

 Oder, May 18, 1802; died in Magdeburg, June 3, 1893. 

 He studied law and followed a judicial career, devot- 

 ing his leisure time to the study of old German, 

 French, Celtic, English, and Polish literature. In 

 1837 a pamphlet criticising official regulations led to 

 his transfer to Bromberg from Madgeburg, and after 

 his return, in 1843, he was appointed to a post in the 

 educational department of the province. He pub- 

 lished a translation of "Parcival" (1832); a life of 

 Wolfram von Eschenbach (1836-'42J; "Die Arthur- 

 Sage " (1842) ; " Grosspolens Nationalsagen, Mitrchen, 

 und Legenden " (1842) ; "Beitrage zur bretonischen 

 und Kcltisch-germanischen Hcldensage" (1847); 

 "Die polnische Konigsage," "Sagen von Merlin" 

 (1853) ; also translations of " Gudrun," and other old 

 legends, a treatise on mediaeval arms, and a critical 

 account of the old German heroic legends. 



Segalas, Anals, French poetess, born in Paris, in 1814 ; 

 died there, Sept. 6, 1893. She was the daughter of an 

 author, and published her first volume of verse when 

 seventeen years old. She married not long afterward 

 a lawyer, but continued to write, and was at one time 

 very popular. Among her poetical works are " Les 

 Algeriennes," "Oiseaux de Passage," and "La 

 Faune." She wrote also " Mystcres de la Maison," 

 " Magicienne d'Aujour d'hui," and other romances, 

 many stories for children, and the plays " Logo 

 d'Opera " and " Trembleur," which were produced at 

 the Od4on. 



Shepstone. Sir Theophilus. South African statesman, 

 born in 1817; died in Durban, Natal, June 24, 1893. 

 He became interpreter of the Kaffir language for the 

 Cape Government at the age of eighteen, served on 

 the staft' of Sir Benjamin D'Urban during the Kaffir 

 War. accompanied the military expedition to Natal 

 in 1838, and held various posts afterward under the 

 Natal Government, becoming Secretary for Native 

 Affairs in 1856. In 1873 he went to Ziiluland to in- 

 stall the King, and in 1874 was called to England to 

 confer with the Colonial Secretary on native affairs. 

 His advice coincided with the imperialistic policy of 

 the Beaconsfield Government, and in 1876 he was 

 selected to conduct negotiations between the Zulus 

 and the Transvaal Republic, which ended in his an- 

 nexing the Transvaal to the British Empire on April 

 12, 1877. He retjred in 1879, but officiated at the 

 restoration of Cetewayo in Zululand in 1883. 



Smith, Sir William, English lexicographer, born in 

 1812; died Oct. 7, 1893. He compiled "Dictionary of 

 Greek and Roman Antiquities," " Dictionary of Greek 

 and Roman Biography and Mythology," and a useful 

 Latin-English lexicon. He was till his death the 

 publisher of the ' Quarterly Review." 



Spaventa. Silvio, Italian patriot, born in the Abruzzi, 

 in 1823; died in Rome, June 20, 1893. He was edu- 

 cated at Montecassino and Naples ; became Professor 

 of Philosophy at Montecassino in his twenty-fourth 

 year; returned to Naples in the following year to aid 

 in the revolutionary movement; was compelled to flee 

 to Tuscany ; returned when the Constitution was pro- 

 claimed ; bore a prominent part in the struggle for 

 freedom; was condemned to the galleys, and only 

 liberated in 1859 to be sent with others to South 

 America. The prisoners mutinied, and forced the 

 captain of the ship to set them ashore at Cork, whence 

 Spaventa returned to Italy, where he took part in the 

 war of liberation, and afterward became head of the 

 Department of Jurisprudence. 



Stefan, Prof., Austrian physicist, born near Klagen- 

 furth, in 1835; died in Vienna, in January, 1893. He 

 studied physics and mathematics, and was appointed 

 Professor Ordinarius of the University of Vienna in 

 1866. He was distinguished in various branches of 

 physical science. He was a member of the commis- 



