lio.MAX CATHOLIC CIiritCH. 



673 



(he supreme power of (he delegating pontiff; we 

 command tliat they give you aid, concurrence, 

 ancl obedience in alt things, receiving with 

 reverence \oiir salutary adnioiiitiinis and orders. 

 Whatever sentence or penally y<m shall declare 

 or indict duly against those who oppose your 

 authority, we will ratify, and. by the authority 

 given us by tin- Lord, will cause to be observed 

 inviolably until condign satisfaction be made, 

 notwithstanding constitutions and apostolic or- 

 dinances, or any other to the contrary." 



ML:!-. Satolli formally opened his headquarters 

 in Washington, not far from the Catholic uni- 

 versity. Ills most important ruling of the year, 

 perhaps, was that of beb. 2 against Bishop Wig- 

 gcr. The bishop had closed St. Thomas s 

 Church, Bayonne, N. J., built by an English- 

 speaking congregation, which was thus com- 

 pelled to contribute to the support of a weaker 

 neighboring church in which the German tongue 

 was used. An order to reopen St. Thomas's 

 was issued with the additional provision that all 

 sermons and instructions be in English a con- 

 firmation of the Vatican policy to discourage the 

 perpetuation of racial distinctions in the Ameri- 

 can Church. 



The School Controversy, which had raged 

 for a year, received a check in June by a papal 

 letter addressed to Cardinal Gibbons ana the 

 hierarchy. It ordered a cessation of acrimonious 

 discussion, recommended conciliation, com- 

 mended the decrees of Baltimore extending the 

 parochial school system, where feasible, while 

 inferentially upholding the compromise of Arch- 

 bishop Ireland with the local authorities, and 

 counseling common ecclesiastical and civil 

 action for the cultivation of*the arts and sciences 

 and the moral improvement of the citizen. Hos- 

 tility to the public school, per se, is discounte- 

 nanced, and the rights of parents in the matter 

 of its use are not to be questioned. Mgr. Satolli 

 visited the Northwest, receiving public ovations 

 along the line to the Pacific. At Stillwater and 

 Faribault he inspected the famous schools whose 

 names have been associated in the educational 

 discussion, and expressed himself delighted with 

 what he saw. Later in the year the Faribault 

 plan was discontinued in the city of its birth, 

 owing to a disagreement over the appointment 

 of Protestant teachers in the schools turned over 

 to the school board by the Catholics. Arch- 

 bishop Ireland, however, continued to extend 

 the principle elsewhere throughout the diocese 

 of St. Paul, and made considerable progress not- 

 \\itlistanding the aggressive opposition of the 

 anti-Catholic American Protective Association. 

 An effort to incorporate the denominational 

 schools in the public system, originating with 

 the Catholic clergy, was bitterly opposed by the 

 Protestant ministers of New Jersey, and finally 

 defeated on a close vote in the Legislature. A 

 similar measure, designated as the Spellissey bill, 

 was draughted in New York, but on the disap- 

 proval of Archbishop Corrigan it was discredited. 

 Numerous arrangements looking to a conformity 

 of parochical and public education occurred in 

 varous parts of the West and Southwest, proba- 

 bly more than in any one year in the history of 

 the country. 



Statistics of Growth. The hierarchy at the 

 end of 1893 (including Mgr. Satolli), showed a 

 VOL. XXXHI. 43 A 



total strength of 93, against 88 the previous 

 \e.-ir. Then were 4 new archbishops; the priest- 

 hood increased from !),338 to 9,717; the churches, 

 fn. in N.I.;:; to H,TL J !: the chapels, from 8.930 to 

 ">.;nl; Catholic schools, from 3.. r >85 to 3,782, 

 with an increase, of pupils from 781,385 to 

 ?;."). DSM. The archdiocese of Boston gained 51 

 schools in the year. There are 8 universities, 

 'ular and 01 regular seminaries, 179 

 high schools for boys, and 732 academies for 

 girls. There were 644 academies the year 

 before. Charitable institutions increased from 

 (>47 to 7.W. New York leads in population with 

 800.000; Boston, second, with 57~i,000; Chicago, 

 third, with 550,000; Philadelphia, (410,000), 

 fourth ; New Orleans (300,000), fifth. 



The Papal Exhibit at the World's Colum- 

 bian Exposition, Chicago, attracted as much at- 

 tention as anything on the grounds. The 17 

 principal objects were displayed with the Co- 

 lumbus relics in the Convent of La Kabida, and 

 were guarded by United States marines day 

 and night. 



The Catholic Educational Exhibit covered 

 30,000 square feet of the Liberal Arts building. 

 It was opened June 25, under the direction of 

 Bishop Spaulding and Rev. Brother Maurelian. 

 Twenty dioceses and 1,200 institutions were 

 represented. 



Congresses. Catholic participation in the 

 World s Parliament of Religions was most gen- 

 erous, 27 representatives speaking in 17 different 

 day sessions, besides Sept. 12, which was desig- 

 nated as " Catholic day. 



Catholic congresses were never so numerous 

 as in 1893. Chicago was the meeting place of 

 the principal ones. The first was the National 

 Convention of Catholic Women, May 18, Mrs. 

 Alice Timmons Toomey presiding. Plans for 

 the improvement of woman's condition through 

 organization and education were discussed, and 

 papers designed to encourage it were read by 

 Miss Eliza Allen Starr, Miss Ellen A. Ford, Miss 

 Emma Cary, Frances Costigan, Miss Lily Alice 

 Toomey, Miss Mary Josephine Onahan, M.. A. B. 

 Maher, Sarah Moore, and Janet E. Richards. 

 Eleanor C. Donnelly and Mrs. Margeret M. Hal- 

 vey contributed original poems. A Catholic 

 Woman's National League to promote temper- 

 ance and charitable work among the sick and 

 poor, and advance the kindergarten schools, was 

 one of the results of this congress. The Catholic 

 Total Abstinence Convention was held in June. 

 The second American Catholic Congress was 

 held in September at the Art Institute, Chicago. 

 Its proportions were so vast that its organizer, 

 Hon. William J. Onahan, found it impossible in 

 adhere to the original programme. It practi- 

 cally resolved itself into a series of huge mass 

 meetings. Beginning Sept. 4 there were day 

 and evening sessions ending with Sept. 8. Sept. 9 

 being Catholic Congress day on the fair grounds. 

 Judge Morgan J. O'Brien, of New York, was 

 elected permanent chairman. The papers dealt 

 with the mission and character of Columbus, and 

 the influence of the Church on American insti- 

 tutions, woman, education, labor, etc. One by M. 

 T. Elder, New Orleans, placing the Catholic loss 

 by proselytism and absence of precautions at 20,- 

 000,000. caused much adverse criticism. The 

 resolutions favored the autonomy and independ- 



