UOUMAMA. 



C77 



Paris Foreign Missions, sends out a general 

 appeal for a-si.-tiinee. 'I'lu! former nobility, he 

 says, make the readiest convrri-. A hospital for 

 lcpei> luis been established at (Jolemba, and it 

 tivcrllows \\illi patient-, many of whom arc radi- 

 cally cured I iy the treatment of tin- fathers. 



China. The persecution of tin- missionaries 



laved somewhat, owing to the demands of 



France and the measures of the Government, who 



levied the damages upon the districts where the 



minion houses wen- destroyed or looted in July. 



Mexico. The relations of Church and state 

 arc not so happy as formerly, owing to the disposi- 

 tion of political extremists to take advantage of 

 the so-called reform laws restrict ing religious in- 

 stitutions such as convents. A question of per- 

 sonal liberty under these laws was brought before 

 the courts in April in the case of Jesusa Lopez, 

 a young woman arrested on the complaint of 

 her brothers that she intended to violate the 

 spirit of the law by entering a convent in Louisi- 

 ana. The brothers were sustained by the courts. 

 A disagreement has arisen between the Jesuits 

 and the Archbishop of Mexico, the latter threat- 

 ening to expel the order from his diocese. Arch- 

 bishop Alancon denies all sympathy with oppo- 

 sition to President Diaz, whom he declares is 

 no enemy of the Church. Clerical influence 

 with the state, he says, can be regained best 

 through the arts of peace. " No real friend of 

 either Church or state will engage in the work of 

 fomenting discords." The Pope has ordered 

 that the feast of the Virgin of Guadalupe shall 

 be observed as a general feast in Mexico. Three 

 new bishops Dioza, Moza, and Gezambrus 

 were consecrated during the year. 



South America. An apostolic delegate for 

 South America in the person of Mgr. Lasagna, 

 Bishop of Tripoli in pnrtibus, was named in 

 March. lie is credited to all the governments 

 without fixed residence, and has done splendid 

 work in developing the missions of St. Francis 

 de Sales, to which order he belongs. His main 

 work, however, has been as arbitrator in the dis- 

 pute between Ecuador and Peru, through which 

 up to the end of the year war had been avoided. 



British Honduras was erected into a diocese, 

 and in April its first bishop was consecrated. 



Chili was troubled with an agitation against 

 clerical control of education. A few serious 

 riots took place in Santiago. They were sup- 

 pressed by the Government, and the matters of 

 complaint are in fair way of amicable adjust- 

 ment. 



ROUMANIA, a constitutional monarchy in 

 eastern Europe. There are 120 members in the 

 Senate, eleetea by two electoral colleges for each 

 district, and 183 Deputies, elected by three col- 

 leges. Carol I, a prince of the house of Hohen- 

 zollern-Sigmaringen, was elected and recognized 

 as hereditary Prince of Rouinaiiia in 1878, and 

 proclaimed King in 1881. In default of a direct 

 heir his nephew, Ferdinand of llohon/ollern, 

 lx>rn in 1865, was appointed Crown Prince in 

 1889 with the approval of the Senate. Ferdi- 

 nand married Prim-ess Marie of Edinburgh, who, 

 on Oct. 15, 1803. gave birth to a son, Carol. 

 The ministry in 1893 was composed as follows: 

 President of the Council and Minister of the In- 

 terior, L. Catargi ; Minister of Agriculture, Com- 

 merce, Industry, and Domains, P. P. Carp; 



Mini-ter of Foreign Affairs. A. Lahovari; Min- 

 ister ol Finance, Si. Germani ; Minister of Jus- 

 tice, A. Marghiloman : Minister of War, (Jen. J. 

 Lalmvari ; Minister of Pulilic Work-. ( '. Ola- 

 Mini-ter of Worship and Public Instruc- 

 tion. Take Jones* u. 



Finances. The revenue is estimated in the 

 budget for the financial year 1893-'D4 at IMMiH).- 

 500 lei, or francs, of which ~>\. -155,000 lei are <le- 

 rived from indirect and 28,6(15,000 lei from direct 

 imposts, 45,700,000 lei from state monopolies, 

 28,453,000 lei from domains, 14,429,000 lei from 

 public works, and 20,908,500 lei from other 

 sources. The principal items of expenditure are 

 68,135,293 lei for the public debt, 40.424,072 lei 

 for war, 23,869,645 lei for financial administra- 

 tion, 19.918,421 lei for public instruction. 17,176,- 

 897 lei for the interior, 6,302,348 lei for public 

 works, 5,580,360 lei for justice, and 5.378,882 lei 

 for domains. The capital of the public debt on 

 April 1, 1893, was 1.032,519,125 lei, paying for 

 the most part 4 and 5 per cent, interest. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports 

 in 1892 was 380,747,296 lei. and of the exports 

 285,384,057 lei. Of the imports, Germany fur- 

 nished 113,501,000 lei; Austria-Hungary, 89,- 

 356,000 lei : Great Britain, 84,090,000 lei ; France, 

 30,911,000 lei; Belgium, 20.551,000 lei; Turkey 

 and Bulgaria, 16,504,000 lei; and Russia, Switzer- 

 land, Italy, and Greece most of the rest. Of the 

 exports, 120,584,000 lei were sent to Great Britain. 

 42,968,000 lei to Belgium, 33,236.000 lei to Ger- 

 many, 31,566,000 lei to Austria-Hungary, 20,- 

 389,000 lei to Italy, 17,349,000 lei to Turkey and 

 Bulgaria, 11,035,000 lei to France, and a small 

 amount to Russia and other countries. The ex- 

 port of cereals, the only important product of 

 the country, amounted to 251,900,000 lei in 1892. 

 A new commercial treaty favorable to the im- 

 portation of Roumanian grain into Germany was 

 ratified in December, 1893. 



The Army and Navy. Personal military serv- 

 ice is obligatory for all able-bodied Roumanians 

 from the age of twenty-one. The period of ac- 

 tive service is three years in the permanent 

 army, four years in the territorial cavalry, and 

 five years in the territorial infantry. The sol- 

 diers of the permanent army are drawn by lot, 

 and the others are called out for exercises only 

 twice a year. The peace effective for 1892 was 

 2,960 officers and 46,000 men, with 10.000 horses 

 and 600 guns. The war strength of the army is 

 3,500 officers and 148,000 men, besides 50,000 

 trained men in the militia and Landsturm. 

 There is a naval force on the Danube consisting 

 of a flush-decked cruiser, 2 paddle-wheel dis- 

 patch vessels, 2 gunboats, 8 coast guards. 2 

 steamers, i sloop gunboats, and 5 torpedo boats, 

 armed with 6 large and 59 small guns altogether, 

 and manned by 96 officers, 25 mechanics, and 

 l.-iso sailors. 



Communications. The merchant marine in 

 isicj consisted of :!<> steamers, of 1,899 tons, and 

 N4 sailing ve eU. of T.f.lil tons. The railroads 

 in-long to the state, which in 1898 had 1,568 

 miles completed and Hi:! miles begun, and ti'JO 

 miles more were projected. The state telegraph 

 system had a total length of 3.5'J."> miles, with 

 7.!U."i miles of wire. The numU-r of m- 

 forwarded in 1892 \\a- 1..V. >;.>.. >>:>. The P.M.,. nice 

 handled 15,645,630 letters. 4.7s7,565 i>ostal cards, 



