SPAIN. 



STANFORD UNIVKUSITY. 697 



Bomb Outrages. In the early part of IHII;{ 

 the police were rendered watchful l>y bold pub- 

 lic demonstrations of anarchists in Harcelona 

 and titlirr cities and the spread of incendiary 

 literature. <>n March 14 several of their dens 

 r.iidcd in Madrid, where they were prepar- 

 ing bombs. A gang was captured in u farm- 

 house near Xercs, when- tlicy were plotting 

 vengeance for the execution of their comrades 

 who were executed a year before. On June 12 a 

 Uurge torpedo was exploded in the plaza adjoin- 

 ing the palace in Madrid, and on June 20 one 

 anarchist was killed and another wounded by 

 the explosion of a petard in the garden of the 

 i \- Premier Canovas del Castillo, who had of- 

 fended by not pardoning the Xeres conspirators 

 who were garroted on Feb. 10, 1892. The lead- 

 er, Olves, escaped, but was arrested in Lisbon on 

 Sept. 1. On Sept. 24, while Marshal Martinez 

 Campos was reviewing the troops at Barcelona, 

 a notorious anarchist named Pallas Latorre 

 threw 2 petards under his horse, wounding him 

 and 4 generals of his staff and several others 

 and killing a policeman. Latorre, a typesetter 

 by trade, did not join the fleeing multitude, but 

 flung his cap into the air, shouting that none 

 could call anarchists cowards when one attacks 

 an army single-handed. An extensive plot was 

 suspected, and the suspicions of the police were 

 strengthened by the discovery of bomb factories 

 and depositories in various cities. Latorre was 

 tried by court-martial and shot on Oct. 6. The 

 explosion of a cargo of 50 tons of dynamite in 

 the harbor of Santander, which killed over 300 

 persons and destroyed buildings and shipping, 

 was caused by an accidental fire. On Nov. 7, 2 

 large iron bombs of the kind used by Latorre 

 were thrown from the gallery of the Liceo The- 

 atre in Barcelona during the performance of an 

 opera, one of which killed or fatally injured over 

 30 persons. Although more than a hundred ar- 

 rests were made, a large bomb, of which the fuse 

 was extinguished in time, was placed in the plaza 

 a week later, where the people were gathered to 

 cheer the troops departing for Melilla, and on 

 the same day one was exploded at the gate of the 

 barracks in the neighboring town of Villanueva. 



The Spanish Government made overtures for 

 an international treaty dealing with dynamiters, 

 which were favorably received in Paris, but not 

 in London. Among the arrested persons were 

 prominent citizens of Valladolid ana traders and 

 members of the secret police of Barcelona. A 

 society that planned and directed outrages in 

 this part of Spain was found to exist at Mesina 

 de Rio Seco, a little town near Valladolid. All 

 the suspected anarchists were tried by court- 

 martial, and hundreds were transported to the 

 penal settlements. 



Colonies. Besides Cuba and Puerto Rico, 

 Spain possesses the Philippine Islands, together 

 with the Sulu, Caroline, and Marianne groups, 

 having an aggregate area of 116,256 square miles 

 and a population of 7,030,000, including 1,350,- 

 000 independent savages, and in Africa the is- 

 land of Fernando Po and the dependencies of 

 Annoboni, Corisco, Elobey. etc., having an aggre- 

 gate area of 850 square miles and 30,000 inhab- 

 itants, besides the protectorate of Rio di Oro and 

 Adrar, embracing about 243,000 square miles, 

 with 100,000 inhabitants. Manilla, the capital 



of the Philippines, had 154,02 inhabitant* in 

 1887. The budget of the Philippines in 1- 

 makes the total receipts $12,899,546 and the 

 expenditures $18,850,794. The imports f. 

 wen- valued at $27,000 000 ; extx>rts, $^{,479,000. 

 The principal exj>orts were Manilla hemp for 

 $14,624,000; sugar, $12,983,000; tobacco, $2,- 

 ICM.iMiii; copra. $1)08,000. 



For the expulsion of American Protestant 

 missionaries from the Caroline Islands the United 

 States Government demanded of Spain either a 

 lump sum as indemnity or the restoration of 

 their missions and effective protection and the 

 full right to resume their labors. 



STANFORD I'M V KKSITV (officially desig- 

 nated as Leland Stanford, Junior University), 

 an institution endowed by the late Leland 

 Stanford, in 1885, in memory of his only son, 

 then recently deceased at the age of seventeen. 

 On Nov. 11 of that year Mr. and Mrs. Stanford 

 executed a deed in trust in accordance with a 

 general act of the State of California, passed 

 March 9, 1885, legalizing and regulating all 

 similar trusts for the advancement of learning 

 and of the arts and sciences. The deed con- 

 veyed to Lorenzo Sawyer and 23 other associate 

 trustees and their successors forever the follow- 

 ing-named real and personal property : The Grid- 

 ley farm, in the county of Butte, California, con- 

 taining 21,000 acres, the value of which was 

 $1,500,000 ; the Vina farm, or ranch, in the coun- 

 ties of Butte and Tehama, containing 55,000 

 acres, of the value of $1.800,000; the Palo Alto 

 farm, in the counties of San Mateo and Santa 

 Clara, containing 7,000 acres, of the value of 

 $2,100,000. This farm is devoted mainly to im- 

 proving, training, and perfecting the breed of 

 thoroughbred and trotting horses, of which there 

 are 800 on the ranch. The water rights, water 

 ditches, pipes, flumes, canals, aqueducts, and 

 reservoirs used in connection with these tracts of 

 land were included in the deed. The value has 

 advanced materially since the date of the trust 

 deed. Further donations by Mr. Stanford be- 

 fore his death, June 20, 1893 (see page 571 of this 

 volume), made the endowment over $20,000,000, 

 and it is understood that the provisions of his 

 will are to result in a total endowment of over 

 $30,000,000. This would readily yield an in- 

 come of $2,000,000, equal to that of Oxford Uni- 

 versity and superior to that of Cambridge. The 

 donation of real estate was declared by the deed 

 to be inalienable and to be devoted "forever to 

 the purposes of the trust, the rents, issues, and 

 profits only being subject to the sale or disposal 

 of the trustees. The trustees are required to 

 make an annual report to the Governor of Cali- 

 fornia, with a full account of their financial 

 operations for the preceding year and a state- 

 ment of the financial affairs of' the institution. 



Mr. Stanford's desire was to provide in Cali- 

 fornia a place and means for practical education 

 to fit men and women for the duties of life, yet 

 without neglect of such measure of culture as 

 may be essential to good citizenship. The pre- 

 liminary clause to the trust deed declares that 

 Mr. Stanford and his wife were desirous of 

 promoting the public welfare by founding and 

 endowing a university for both sexes with col- 

 leges, schools, seminaries of learning, mathe- 

 matical institutes, museums, galleries of art, and 



