738 



UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. 



tion between the United States and Chili, the two 

 governments having failed to agree upon a third 

 member of the commission, the President of the 

 Swiss Republic was requested to intervene as 

 provided in the treaty, and he appointed as such 

 third commissioner the Swiss minister to the 

 United States. The llaytian Government was 

 requested by the United States to modify the 

 law whereby a sailing vessel which has dis- 

 charged her cargo at a Haytian port is refused 

 clearance until the duties on such cargo have 

 been paid. An American mail steamer was fired 

 on in the port of Amapala, Honduras, because 

 her captain refused to surrender to the military 

 authorities of Honduras a passenger in transit 

 from Nicaragua to Guatemala. Upon the pro- 

 test of the American minister and his demand 

 for satisfaction, the Honduras Government dis- 

 avowed the action of its officers and tendered an 

 apology. The questions growing out of the 

 seizure and use of American vessels by insur- 

 gents in Honduras and the subsequent denial of 

 commercial privileges to such vessels by the es- 

 tablished Government were at the end of the 

 year in a fair way of amicable settlement. With 

 respect to a treaty signed in Paris by the repre- 

 sentative of the Government of Liberia, by 

 which certain Liberian territory was ceded to 

 France, but which treaty had not at latest ad- 

 vices been ratified by the Legislature of Liberia, 

 the Government of the United States entered a 

 friendly protest with the French Government 

 against any impairment of Liberian territory 

 without the unconstrained consent of that re- 

 public. The work of relocating the boundary 

 marks between Mexico and the United States 

 from Paso del Norte to the Pacific was nearly 

 completed; and the commission to settle the 

 river boundary disputes east of El Paso was 

 making satisfactory progress. The Nicaragua 

 Canal Company, though suffering serious finan- 

 cial embarrassments from the insolvency of the 

 Canal Construction Company, was generously 

 treated by the Nicaraguan Government, anil 

 none of the rights under its charter had been 

 lost. Extradition treaties were proclaimed with 

 France, with Norway, and with Russia. There 

 was much popular opposition in this country to 

 the extradition treaty with Russia, and numer- 

 ously signed petitions were sent to the Senate 

 protesting against its ratification, chiefly on the 

 ground that while political offenses are exempted 

 from its operation, the treaty provides that an 

 attempt against the life of the Czar or any mem- 

 ber of his family, when such attempt comprises 

 the act either of murder, assassination, or poison- 

 ing, shall not be considered a political offense ; 

 whereas the Russian law declares that every evil 

 intention against the life, the health, or honor 

 of the Emperor shall subject the person guilty 

 thereof to the penalty of death ; and that evil 

 intention shall be regarded as an actual crime, 

 even though no attempt has been made to carry 

 the intention into effect; whence any revolu- 

 tionary conspiracy is, under the Russian law, 

 constructively an attempt against the life of the 

 Czar. The treaty was proclaimed on June 6. 

 and on the following day the Government was 

 notified by Russia that her representation at 

 Washington would be raised to the rank of an 

 embassy. The Bering Sea arbitration and the 



relations of the United States with Hawaii are 

 fully treated elsewhere. (See articles BERING 

 SEA ARBITRATION and HAWAII.) 



The Army. By act of Congress the army of 

 the United States has been limited since 1873 to 

 25,000 enlisted men, exclusive of the Signal 

 Corps, the Hospital Corps, and 125 general-serv- 

 ice clerks and 45 general-service messengers. 

 The total strength of the army in 1893 was 25,- 

 778 enlisted men and 2,144 officers. There were 

 10 cavalry regiments, consisting of 482 officers 

 and (5,050 enlisted men ; 5 artillery regiments, 

 280 officers and 8,675 enlisted men; 25 infantry 

 regiments, 877 officers, 12,125 men; engineer 

 battalion, recruiting parties, ordnance depart- 

 ment, hospital service, Indian scouts, Military 

 Academy, signal service, and general service, 

 567 officers and 4,142 men. The Ninth and 

 Tenth Regiments of Cavalry and the Twenty- 

 fourth and Twenty-fifth Regiments of Infantry 

 are composed of negro troops commanded by 

 white officers. Major-Gen. John M. Scofield, 

 commanding the army, has his headquarters 

 at Washington. The United States is divided 

 into 8 military departments, as follows : The 

 Department of the East, comprising the New 

 England States, New York, New Jersey, Penn- 

 sylvania, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, 

 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 

 Louisiana. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, Ten- 

 nessee, Ohio, and the District of Columbia, is 

 commanded by Major-Gen. Oliver O. Howard, 

 with headquarters at Governor's Island, N. Y. 

 The Department of the Missouri, comprising 

 Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, 

 Kansas, Arkansas, Indian Territory, and Okla- 

 homa Territory, is commanded by Major-Gen. 

 Nelson A. Mile's, with headquarters at Chicago. 

 The Department of California, comprising Cali- 

 fornia and Nevada, is commanded by Brig.-Gen. 

 Thomas H. Ruger, with headquarters at San 

 Francisco. The Department of Dakota, com- 

 prising Minnesota, the northern part of South 

 Dakota, North Dakota, Montana, and the post 

 of Fort Yellowstone, Wyo., is commanded by 

 Brig.-Gen. Wesley Merritt, with headquarters at 

 St. Paul, Minn. The Department of Texas, com- 

 prising the State of Texas, is commanded by 

 Brig.-Gen. Frank Wheaton, with headquarters 

 at San Antonio. The Department of the Platte, 

 comprising Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, 

 the eastern part of Idaho, and the southern part 

 of South Dakota, is commanded by Brig.-Gen. 

 John R. Brooke, with headquarters at Omaha, 

 Neb. The Department of the Colorado, com- 

 prising Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado, is 

 commanded by Brig.-Gen. A. McD. McCook, 

 with headquarters at Denver, Col. The Depart- 

 ment of the Columbia, comprising Oregon, Wash- 

 ington, the western part of Idaho, and Alaska, 

 is commanded by Brig.-Gen. Elwell S. Otis, with 

 headquarters at Vancouver Barracks, Wash. 

 Brig.-Gen. George D. Ruggles was adjutant-gen- 

 eral of the army ; Brig.-Gen. Richard N. Batch- 

 elder, quartermaster-general; Brig.-Gen. William 

 Smith, paymaster-general ; Brig.-Gen. John P. 

 Hawkins, commissary- general ; Brig.-Gen. George 

 M. Sternberg, surgeon-general ; Brig.-Gen. Adol- 

 phus W. Greely, chief signal officer; Brig.-Gen. 

 Thomas L. Casey, chief of engineers; Brig.-Gen. 

 Daniel W. Flagler, chief of ordnance ; Brig.-Gen. 



