UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



789 



Joseph ( 1 . Breckinridge, inspector-general; and 

 Col. (inicio N. I teller, lifting judge-ad vocate-gen- 

 i-ral. Of field ollieeis below the rank of lirigii- 

 dier-generiil, there were 71 colonels, 90 lieuten- 

 ant-colonels, and 211 majors. The expenditure 

 df tin' I >cpait incut of War for 1898 WM: For sala- 

 ries and contingent BXpCAMft, S1,MA,588 j for the 

 support of I In- military establishment, $:W,:577,- 

 S'js : for miscellaneous objects, $ii,()??,o:{;{; for 

 river and harbor improvements, $15,290,870 : and 

 for fortifications, etc.. $3,200,141 ; total, $51,- 

 iniii. ( >;.">. The new magazine rifle selected for 

 tin- army by the board appointed for that pur- 

 pose, and manufactured at the national armory 

 at Springfield, was expected to be issued to the 

 troops in December. The enrolled militia of the 

 several Slates numbered on the last day of Octo- 

 ber 112,51)7 men of all ranks. 



Pensions. The total number of names on the 

 pension rolls on June 80, 1893, was 060,012, an 

 increase of 89,944 over the preceding year. Of 

 those on the rolls there were 17 widows and 

 daughters of Revolutionary soldiers, 86 surviv- 

 ors of the War of 1812 and 5,425 widows of sol- 

 diers of that war, 21,518 survivors and widows 

 of the Mexican War, 3,882 survivors and widows 

 of Indian wars, 284 army nurses, and 475,645 

 survivors and widows and children of deceased 

 soldiers and sailors of the civil war. These were 

 pensioned on account of disability or death re- 

 sulting from army and navy service, and re- 

 maining rfatnes on the rolls, numbering 459,155. 

 are of those who were pensioned under the act 

 of June 27, 1890, on account of death and disa- 

 bility not chargeable to army service. During 

 the year there were 123,634 new names added to 

 the rolls, and 33,690 were dropped therefrom. 

 On pensions allowed during the year, the first 

 payments amounted to $33,756,950, including 

 arrears; and the entire expenditure on account 

 of pensions during the year was $156,740,467. 



Postal Service. The number of post-offices 

 in the United States on June 30, 1893, was 68.- 

 403, an increase during the fiscal year of 1,284. 

 Of the whole number of post-offices, 3,360 were 

 presidential, an increase in that class of 204. 

 The total number of free-delivery offices was 

 610, the number added during the year being 42. 

 Under the law 93 additional cities and towns 

 were entitled to this service. The revenue of 

 the department for the year amounted to $75.- 

 896,915:$, and the expenditure to $81.074.105. The 

 original estimates for the year ending June 30, 

 1894, contemplated a surplus of revenue over ex- 

 penditure of $872,245, but the present Postmas- 

 ter-General estimated in December that instead 

 of a surplus there would b a deficit of nearly 

 $8.000,000. The falling off in the receipts of the 

 department is attributed chiefly to the depressed 

 condition of business throughout the country. 

 The number of domestic money orders issued 

 during the fiscal year was 13,809,735, amounting 

 to $127,576,433, an increase of 1,240,293 in num- 

 ber and $7,509,632 in value over the preceding 

 year. Postal notes to the value of $12,903.076 

 were also issued during the year. The number 

 of international money orders issued during the 

 year was 1.0.V>.<<)!>. of the value of $16.3-11. s-j 7. 

 an increase over the preceding year of 7-..VJ.") in 

 number and $1,221,506 in value. The total issue 

 of money orders and postal notes during the 



year amounted to $156,821,348. The number of 

 letters and packages mailed ir special delivery 

 '.<>, an increase over the preceding 

 year of about 22 per cent. The receipts from 

 special-delivery .stamps amounted to $337,569, 

 and the messengers' fees amounted to $256,592, 

 leaving a net revenue from this source of $80,977. 



Indians. The Indians in the United States 

 number about 248,000, most of whom are located 

 on 161 reservations, containing 86,116,531 acres 

 of land. About 110,000 of the Indians have to 

 a considerable extent adopted civilized customs, 

 and lands in severally haVe been allotted to many. 

 The allotments during the fiscal year ending 

 June 80, 1893, were about 1,000,000 acres to 

 10,000 individuals. The Government schools 

 for the instruction of the Indians numbered 195, 

 of which 170 were on reservations, and of these 

 73 were boarding schools. The number of In- 

 dian children enrolled during the year as school 

 attendants was 21,138, an increase of 1,231 over 

 the preceding year. The appropriations on ac- 

 count of the Indian Bureau for the fiscal year of 

 1893 amounted to $8,342,095, and for the fiscal 

 year of 1894 they were $7,954,963. 



Chinese Exclusion Act. Section 6 of the 

 act to prohibit the coming of Chinese persons 

 into the United States, approved May 5, 1892, 

 and commonly known as the Geary law, made it 

 the duty of all Chinese laborers in the United 

 States to apply at the internal-revenue office in 

 their respective districts within a year from the 

 passage of the act for a certificate of residence, 

 failing which such laborer found in the United 

 States after the expiration of the year provided 

 should be deemed unlawfully in the country, and 

 should be arrested by any United States customs 

 or revenue official or United States marshal and 

 taken before a United States judge, whose duty 

 it should be to order his deportation from the 

 United States. Acting under the advice of the 

 Chinese Six Companies of California, the Chinese 

 generally made no attempt to comply with the 

 law, and out of 100,000 in the country only 

 about 4,000 had registered at the expiration of 

 the year provided for in the act. On May 4, 1893, 

 the day of the expiration of the time for registra- 

 tion, the Secretary of the Treasury issued an or- 

 der directing all customs and revenue officials to 

 refrain from making any arrests under the act 

 until further orders from the department ; and 

 the Attorney-General supplemented this circular 

 by instructing United States district attorneys 

 to defer proceedings under the act. A case to 

 test the constitutionality of the act was made 

 under an arrangement between the Government 

 and the Chinese Six Companies by the arrest of 

 three Chinamen in New York, who were taken be- 

 fore the United States circuit court, and, as they 

 could show no certificates of registration, were 

 ordered to be deported to their native country. 

 The case was then hurried on appeal to the 

 I'nited States Supreme Court, where it was de- 

 cided that the law was constitutional, and the 

 judgment of the lower court must be affirmed. 

 Justice Gray, in handing down the decision on 

 May 15, said it was thoroughly settled as one of 

 the fundamental principles of the law of nations 

 that every independent nation had the inherent 

 right -to keep aliens out of its territory and order 

 them to get out of its territory. It had been 



