740 



UNITED STATES, FINANCES OP THE. 



settled in two cases that the power of exclusion 

 might be vested in executive officers, and the aid 

 of the judiciary might be invoked. Matters ex- 

 ecutive and political in the first instance may 

 then take judicial force. The courts have no 

 right to revise the decisions or the action and 

 effect in these cases. If Congress make a law 

 inconsistent with a treaty, it may give a foreign 

 nation the right to complain, but the duty of the 

 courts of the United States is clear and they 

 must recognize its force. Congress had the 

 right to prescribe what evidence shall be de- 

 manded before its judicial tribunals. It was 

 within its power to provide that those aliens 

 who have been a year within the United States 

 without taking out a certificate should be de- 

 ported. It had the right to define what wit- 

 nesses should be heard ; a right to protect the 

 courts against the testimony of persons who had 

 no regard for the sanctity of an oath. He would 

 not touch upon the policy, the wisdom, even the 

 justice of the act ; those questions were for the 

 political, the executive, and legislative depart- 

 ments of the Government, if the act were within 

 their constitutional powers, and it would be out 

 of place for the courts to interfere. Congress 

 had simply provided for the deportation of per- 

 sons whose presence it considers inconsistent 

 with the public welfare ; and there was nothing 

 in the Constitution or the laws which impugned 

 the power of Congress to compel the Chinese 

 to leave the country. Justices Brown, Shiras, 

 Blatchford, and Jackson concurred; Chief Jus- 

 tice Fuller and Justices Field and Brewer filed 

 dissenting opinions; and Justice Harlan was in 

 Paris. Of the appropriation made by Congress 

 for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of 

 the Geary law only about $37,000 remained un- 

 expended, whereas it was estimated that it would 

 require at least $5,000,000 to deport the Chinese 

 who were unlawfully in the United States: and 

 after a Cabinet conference the Secretary of State 

 announced on May 17 that it had been decided 

 that as Congress had failed to appropriate suf- 

 ficient money for the purpose, no attempt would 

 be made by the Administration to carry out the 

 provisions of the act. The Chinese accordingly 

 were allowed to remain undisturbed ; and Con- 

 gress, by an act approved Nov. 3, 1893, extended 

 the time for registering and obtaining certifi- 

 cates for six months from that date, after the 

 expiration of which the provision for deporta- 

 tion should be enforced as provided in the act 

 of 1892. 



UNITED STATES, FINANCES OF THE. 

 The fiscal year of the United States ends on 

 June 30, at which time the receipts and expendi- 

 tures of the Government for the previous year 

 are made up and published. The condition of 

 the Treasury and of the amount of money in 

 circulation is published monthly, and the con- 

 dition of the national banks is reported from 

 time to time as called for by the Comptroller of 

 the Currency. The fiscal operations of the Gov- 

 ernment and the condition of the Treasury and 

 banks will therefore be reported to the latest 

 dates obtainable. 



Of the receipts and expenditures of the Treas- 

 ury for the year ending June 30, 1893, as com- 

 pared with that for the previous year, the re- 

 ceipts show an increase of about $7,000,000 in 



internal revenue, and of $26,000,000 in customs. 

 No marked change appears in the items of any 

 other kind. The expenditures show an increase 

 of $25,000,000 on account of pensions, and of 

 $4,000,000 on account of interest on the public 

 debt. 



The several items of both receipts and expen- 

 ditures for 1893, compared with like items for 

 1892, will be seen by the following table : 



RECEIPTS. 



EXPENDITURES. 



TEAK ENDING JUNE 30. 



The condition of the public Treasury is reported 

 for Dec. 31, 1893, and the several items of assets 

 and liabilities at that time, compared with like 

 items for 1892, is shown in the statement below. 

 It will be seen that the gold coin and bullion in 

 the Treasury decreased about $80,000,000 during 

 the year, and at the same time there was an in- 

 crease of silver dollars and bullion of $37,000,000. 

 Of the United States old issue usuallv known as 





