\ i: U.MONT. 



VIRGINIA. 



740 



Palacio.Villegas. 1'idaneta, Mendoza.and Pulida, 

 and Ilifir followers. This was modified \,\ plac- 

 ing an embargo upon the property of nil tin- ex- 

 ecutive, jtiilicial, and military offloen anil the 

 Senator-; and I >eput ics who formed part of the 

 usurping (iovenunent of those ex-dictators and 

 holding them all liable pro rata for the war debt 

 incurred by Crespo. All sales and mortgages 

 made by the Coutiuuistas during tin- usurpation 

 were declared null and void. In carrying out 

 the-e decrees against a large number of the 

 wealthiest citizens, the Government made many 

 enemies and provoked revolts in Los Andes, Bol- 

 ivar, and other States. 



Kli'ctions for a Constituent Assembly were 

 held in March. While they were in progress the 

 ( 'ivspistas, accusing Pietri and some of his col- 

 leagues of jobbery and corruption, brought about 

 an entire reconstruction of the Cabinet. The 

 new ministers were: Gen. Guerra, War; Unda, 

 Finance; Barrios, Education; Aveledo, Agri- 

 culture; Vallenilla, Governor of the Federal Dis- 

 trict. The Assembly met on May 2 and elabo- 

 rated a new Constitution. Gen. Crespo was elect- 

 ed President until a regular election should be 

 held under the Constitution. He appointed the 

 following Cabinet: Gen. Nuflez, Prime Minister; 

 Dr. Kojas, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Colina, 

 Minister of the Interior; Bustamente, Minister 

 of Agriculture, Posts, and Telegraphs ; Gen. 

 Raimon Guerra, Minister of War; Gen. Velu- 

 tini, Minister of Finance. The Assembly author- 

 ized a general amnesty, which was forthwith pro- 

 claimed by Gen. Crespo. The embargo was re- 

 moved from the property of the adherents of the 

 late Government. A conspiracy against the new 

 Government was discovered and thwarted, and 

 extraordinary precautions were taken to prevent 

 the landing of arms. Many of the Government 

 party did not like a provision of the new Consti- 

 tution that permits Senators or Deputies to hold 

 ministerial, administrative, or military appoint- 

 ments and also makes functionaries of the Gov- 

 ernment and officers of the army eligible to the 

 Federal, State, or municipal legislatures. An- 

 other clause, which takes the control of public 

 lands and mines from the individual States and 

 vests it in the Federal Government, was obnox- 

 ious to the opponents of centralism, some of 

 whom were in favor of the proposition made by 

 Andueza Palacio to revive the 20 States of the 

 old Federation. Nevertheless, when the election 

 took place in October, Crespo was elected Presi- 

 dent for the constitutional term beginning Feb. 

 20. 1894. 



VERMONT, a New England State, admitted 

 to the Union March 4, 1791 ; area, 9,565 square 

 miles. The population, according to each decen- 

 nial census since admission, was 154,465 in 1800; 

 217.895 in 1810; 235,966 in 1820; 280,652 in 

 1830; 291.948 in 1840; 314.120 in 1850; ir>.- 

 098 in 1860: 330.551 in 1870; 332.286 in 1880; 

 and 332,422 in 1890. Capital, Montpelier. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor. Levi K. Ful- 

 ler, Republican; Lioutenant-Governor, F. S. 

 Stranahan ; Secretary of State and Insurance 

 Commissioner, Chauncey W. Brownell, Jr. ; Treas- 

 urer, Henry F. Field; Auditor. Frank I). Hale; 

 Superintendent of Education, M. S. Stone; In- 

 spector of Finance, Savings Banks, and Tru<t 



Companies, \V. II. DM I',,,;-; Railroad Commis- 

 sioners, Samuel K. Pingree, Amory D. 

 Leon (>, I'.a-H-y; Chief Judge of ih'e Supreme 

 Court, Jonathan Ross; As>i-tant Judges, John 

 \V. Kowell. Russell S. Tufl, Jium-s M. Tyler. 

 Lovelaml .Muiison, Henry It. Start, and I,. II. 

 Thompson. 



Valuations. The total grand list of the State 

 for 1893, as reported to the Secretary of State, 

 was $1.760,518, an increase of $8,768.42 over 

 The city of Burlington has a taxable li>t 

 of $112,471.63, and Rutland, $82,852.62. The 

 taxable polls numbered 82,526, being 113 fewer 

 than in isirj. 



Soldiers' Home. On Aug. 1 there were 60 

 inmates of this institution. Its total yearly in- 



ci is about $13,000. The State appropriates 



$8,000 annually, and the annual contribution 

 from the General Government is about $5,000. 

 The institution is at Bennington. 



I nsiirance. The report of the insurance com- 

 missioners for 1892 shows the number of licensed 

 companies to be 50, from 46 of which reports 

 have been received. These received premiums 

 amounting to $669.087, paying losses of $501,- 

 252. The ratio of losses paid to premiums was 

 77 per cent., which, with an average expense 

 ratio of 35 per cent., shows a loss to the com- 

 panies. Thirteen casualty companies took pre- 

 miums of $92,598, paying losses of $51,004. 



Industrial. Reports received by the State 

 Board of Agriculture show that there were :]'('> 

 unoccupied farms in the State at the beginning 

 of the year. Addison County had 15 ; Benning- 

 ton, 26 ; Caledonia, 48 ; Essex, 7 ; Lamoille, 7 ; 

 Orange, 57; Orleans, 22; Rutland, 18; Wash- 

 ington, 29; Windham, 94; Windsor, 53. Re- 

 turns to the same board show that during 1892 

 the sum of $813,500 was invested in the State in 

 new industries or in enlarging plants already in 

 operation. These new industries give employ- 

 ment to 1,100 persons. Creameries were estab- 

 lished in 12 towns, cheese factories in 3, and 

 electric-light plants at Bristol and Hartford. 

 The granite and marble industries show many 

 new firms, while corn-canning factories, shingle 

 mills, machine shops, bobbin and spool mills are 

 found in the list. At Westmore the Willoughby 

 Lake Improvement Company was organized \vii h 

 a capital of $60,000 for building a summer re- 

 sort. At Ludlow $60.000 was invested in a new 

 woolen mill. Burlington and Montpelier have 

 invested $13.000 in brass foundries. Burlington 

 also has a match factory, with $15,000 inve.-ted. 

 and a new lumber company with a capital of 

 $25,000. Milton has a new plant for the manu- 

 facture of excelsior; Moretown, a chair-stock 

 mill; Randolph, a screen factory; Barton, a. 

 ladie-' underwear manufactory. Brattleboro 

 and Bethel have enlarged their jelly and shoe 

 manufactories, and Bennington has increased 

 the capacitv of its hosiery and jersey mill. 



VIRGINIA, a Southern State," one of the 

 original thirteen, ratified the Constitution June 

 25,1788; area. 42.450 square miles. The popu- 

 lation, according to eacn decennial census, was 

 747,610 in 1790; 880,200 in 1800: 974,600 in 

 1810: 1,065,116 in 1820; 1.211.405 in 1880; 

 l.'j:i.77 in 1S40; 1,421.661 in 1S50: 1,596.818 

 in 1860; 1.225,168 in 1870; l.f>12.. r ii;. l i in 1880; 

 and 1,655,980 in 1890. Capital, Richmond. 



