12 



ANTWERP EXPOSITION. 



mentary Fdu< -at ion " : "The Care of tin- Poor"; 

 " The dm iv h inCountry Districts": "Secondary 

 Fducation ami PuUio Schools " ; ^The Present 



tions between Morals and Politics"; "The 

 Relat iuns bet ween Mural- and ( 'ommcive " : " The 

 Kthirs i.f Amusements," including athletics, 

 fit-Id -ports, the theater and the music- hall, and 

 clul> life: " Church Reform and Discipline"; 



.nil Church Organization"; -Church Wor- 

 ship": -Church Defense"; u Training and Stud- 



: the Clergy ": "Clerical Minist rat ion and 

 church Finance": -\V..rk among Soldiers and 

 ( 'liuivh Work and Workers " : " Sun- 

 Jchools," in the three aspects of catechizing, 

 tlu". K holars under religious influence, 



and the training and recognition of teachers; 

 "Th.- Care of the Poor"; "Religious Life in 

 the Church: (1) How anVcted In- 1 'arty Spirit in 

 Different Schouls of Thought : C-3) How best pro- 

 niut.-d in Ordinary Life"; Characteristics of 

 Christian Kthirs as compared with some non- 

 Chri-tian systems (Hinduism, Buddhism, Mo- 

 hanunedaiiisin. Confucianism, and those of the 



in Fmpire in the third century after 



;i: and Church Worship and Hymnology. 

 The meeting of women workers considered the 

 special characteristics of woman's work, " What 

 Women can do to raise the Standard of Moral- 

 ity," temperance work among women, the train- 

 ing of women for the Church's work, the protec- 

 tiun of working girls, and "First Principles in 

 Women's Education." 



AYnVKKP KXPOSITION. Prelimi- 

 nary. The great World's Pair held in Chicago 

 in !*'.):{ had scarcely been fully inaugurated 

 when the official announcement of an interna- 

 tional exposition of arts, sciences, and industries, 

 to be held in Belgium in 1S!)4, was received. 

 Antwerp, on the river Scheldt, the principal 

 seaport of Belgium, and the outlet of much of 



'tiunerce of the Flemish Netherlands, the 

 Rhineland. and the western provinces of Ger- 

 manv, was chosen as the mo-t desirable place in 

 which to hold it. Government appropriations 

 were nude, 1 mi Id ings were erected, and May 5 

 ; it'-d as the time for opening. Ex- 

 hibits from all nations were solicited, and as 



la of 8,000 tons could sail direct to the 

 place, an important problem in transportation 



isily solved. The opportunity so happily 



i upon by California to hold a Midwinter 

 Pair subsequent to the close of that in Chicago 

 led to the transportation of many of the exhibits 



i Francisco, and thence to Antwerp. 

 Administration. The management of the 

 Antwerp Exposition WAS in charge of an extend- 

 ed list of officials under the honorary presidency 

 of the ('omit of Flanders, brother of Leopold 



II. It included Count Pr-i Rooze de Colesberg, 



president of the executive committee. M. ller- 



neral. and Count de Ramaix, 



.'neral. M. Herto^s, who is also a 



town councilor of Antwerp, devoted his chief 



attention to the erection of the buildings, while 



the Count ih- Mamaix. a deputy for Antwerp, 



was occupied in the work of securing exhibits. 



Location. The grounds selected for the fair 

 were in the southern uuarter of the city, border- 

 ing on the river Scheldt, and included' the his- 

 toric site of the old South Citadel, built by the 

 Duke of Alva. They covered an area of inure 



than 200 acres, and besides being directly con- 

 nected with the principal railways, were easily 

 accessible from the city by means of street cars 

 and omnibuses. 



U u i Id ings. The main buildings, designed by 

 M. .1. L. Hasse, covered over 1,100,000 square feet 

 and were continuous. They consisted of a hall 

 devoted to the display of industrial and com- 

 mercial products, from which it was possible to 

 pass direct to a smaller building in which were 

 the electrical exhibits, while by means of a 

 raised corridor access was had to the hall as- 

 signed to machinery, besides which there was a 

 festival hall covering 54,000 square feet and 

 capable of seating 5,000 persons. These exhi- 

 bition halls were built of iron and steel and 

 were roofed with zinc. They were devoid of 

 architectural features, for none of them were 

 monumental in appearance or even elaborate in 

 design. There was a certain amount of decora- 

 tion on the long low facade that formed the 

 principal front facing upon the beautiful Avenue 

 du Sud, one of the great boulevards of Antwerp, 

 but no money was spent on ornamental effects. 

 The roofs were small in span and simple in con- 

 struction, the result being a long series of well- 

 lighted galleries, unobstructed by heavy col- 

 umns or springing of massive arches. The 

 grounds, carefully laid out by a landscape gar- 

 dener, contained exhibits of trees, shrubs, and 

 other products unsuitable for exhibition in the 

 principal halls, as well as minor buildings and 

 pavilions. Among the popular attractions were a 

 Street of Cairo, a Turkish village, a Chinese ba- 

 zaar, a captive balloon, an Indian village, a Wild 

 West show, Captain Boyton's water entertain- 

 ment, and similar enterprises. Chief, however, 

 among the outdoor exhibitions were the Congo 

 settlement and Old Antwerp. The former in- 

 cluded an admirable panorama of the Congo re- 

 gion ; a very complete series of exhibits of the 

 natural and artificial products of the Congo Free 

 State ; and an extensive open-air encampment 

 copied in every particular from a Congolese vil- 

 lage in which natives occupied the quarters pre- 

 pared for them. Old Antwerp represented an en- 

 tire quarters of the ancient city reconstructed 

 with such consummate ingenuity and skill that 

 the unaided eye could hardly detect the artificial- 

 ity of the materials of which it was composed. 

 The streets and monuments, the churches, thea- 

 ters, and houses 90 famous old structures in all 

 presented as substantial an appearance as those 

 of Antwerp of to-day, only the time was that of 

 the sixteenth century. Realism was carried to 

 the highest pitch in this quarter of the exhibi- 

 tion, for not only were the buildings perfect in 

 every detail, but the most minute care was taken 

 in preparing the costumes of all the occupants 

 of the buildings, where the pursuits of the time 

 were carried on. Here also were held at appro- 

 priate times many of those gorgeous historical 

 fetes and processions for which Belgium has 

 long been famous. But this structure was un- 

 fortunately destroyed by fire before the close 

 of the exposition. A special building belong- 

 ing to the Royal Society of Fine Arts, also in 

 the grounds, was used for an exhibition of 

 paintings, sculpture, engravings, and architec- 

 ture, to which artists of all countries had been 

 invited to contribute. 



