22 



ARCHEOLOGY. 



a lotus, and set with lapis la/uli and carnelian ; propylon and a small temple built by Domitian. 

 and a royal pectoral, on which two crowned The bas-reliefs on the walls and columns of the 



hawks support the cart ouch ..| (Jsertesen III. 

 The pluma-e is in stripesof lapis la/uli and tur- 

 quoise, the'svmbols of the roval nanie in these 

 and rarnelian; the whole issel in gold, and 

 worked on the reverse to represent the same 



ta in front. This design is pronounced 

 equal t.. any piece of jewelry in existence, and 

 comparable to a master work of the goldsmith's 

 art 5 to-day. In another box found farther 



and hidden like the first, were two large 



pectorals: on one. two figures of Ainenemhat 

 III .mitiiir the Asiatics in a design crowded 



temple are very fine compared, for the delicacy 

 of the colors and workmanship, with the best of 

 similar work at Edfu and Phike Among the 

 inscriptions are the dedicatory address of Ptple- 

 my VII, the calendar of the festivals, ephemendes 

 with the names of the deities who presided over 

 the days of the year, and the texts referring to 

 the geography of the nomes. 



The ancient site of Coptos formed the Nile 

 termination of the oldest trading route in the 

 world, the roadway passing through the valley 

 of Hammaraat to the shores of the Red Sea. 



. 



and less plea<ini; than the former one, though has been pointed to by tradition as the site of 

 the mosaic of stones and gold is not less finely one of the first settlements founded by dynastic 

 fashioned ; and on the other (represented in our Egyptian immigrants when they arrived from 

 illustration. Fig. 4), two hawk-headed apes be- their home in the sacred land of Punt, in south- 

 Death the cartouch of Usertesen III trampling western Arabia. The results of eleven weeks 

 on prostrate men a piece than which nothing exploration of this site were exhibited by Mr. 



Petrie in London in the 

 summer of 1894. In clear- 

 ing the site of the temple, 

 remains of 6 successive 

 temples were discovered, 

 the ages of which ranged 

 from prehistoric times to 

 the period of the Ptole- 

 mies. The objects recov- 

 ered included memorials 

 of 34 rulers of Egypt. 

 Among these early re- 

 mains are 3 statues 13 feet 

 high little more than 

 truncated cones, with the 

 arms and legs, ears and 

 beard simply indicated by 

 hammered-out lines, with- 

 out any traces of chisel 

 work. Around the waist 

 of each is a girdle upon 

 which is a series of primi- 

 tive drawings. The face 

 is not indicated, having, 

 it is supposed, been rep- 

 resented by a wooden 

 mask. These figures are 



Fio. 4. ROYAL, PECTORAL. HAWK-HEADED APES WITH THE CARTOUCH OF 

 USERTESEN III., DASHUR. 



in the whole treasure is more finely finished. Of 

 other articles are named large cowrie shells of 

 L r o Id, a pestle and mortar in gold and lapis lazuli, 

 with beautifully engraved chatons, neck- 

 laces of amethyst and carnelian) one with an 

 clegant mosaic center), mirrors with gold han- 

 dies, gold lion masks, and a second gold pencil 

 adorned with a pattern of gold beads, soldered 

 on one by one, which is pronounced " a marvel 

 of delicate work." The whole number of pieces 

 of iruld found in this tomb was 165, besides 240 

 brad- of amethyM. 70 heads of emerald, lapis 

 lazuli, and carnelian, and a larger number of 

 smaller beads of precious stones. The total 

 weight of gold pieces found was :5Mi grains. 



At Kom Ombo, M. de Morgan uncovered in 

 IS'.c; a double temple of considerable importance, 

 consisting of a large court containing 16 col- 

 nmns, inscribed with the cartouch of Tiberius, 

 and a hypostyle hall containing 1!) columns 

 about 40 feet high. The pruniiox has 10 columns, 

 ft chambers, and 2 shrines, dedicated respectively 

 to Sebek and Heru-ur. By the side of the tern- 

 ple fronting the river there originally stood a 



regarded as primitive statues of Min, the god 

 of Coptos. The rude drawings upon the gir- 

 dies and bands of these statues include an up- 

 right staff with flowers at the top, surmounted 

 by an ostrich feather, with offerings of ptero- 

 ceras shells and swordfish hung around, and rep- 

 resentations of an elephant and of the head of a 

 gazelle. A collection of rude pottery, of coarse 

 Nile mud, polished with red haematite, is ascribed 

 to one of the earliest dynasties, from the type of 

 the collar with which the figure of a dog is se- 

 cured, which has not been found later than the 

 third dynasty. An alabaster vase is inscribed 

 with the cartouch of Kufu, of the fourth dynas- 

 ty. Several fragments of the work of Antef V, 

 of the eleventh dynasty, the first sculptures of 

 that monarch to be brought to Europe, have 

 been recovered from the temple built by him. 

 They are in excellent preservation, the figures 

 having been cut with great care and the stones 

 having lain in a favorable position, and are re- 

 markable for the frequency with which the fig- 

 ures of dogs occur upon them. The twelfth dy- 

 nasty is represented by figures of Usertesen I 



