AUSTR1 A-H UNG AR Y. 



ister of War, Gen. Edmund von Krieghammer, 

 appointed Sept. 25, 1893. 



The Common Budget. Certain customs re- 

 ceipts are applied to the common expenditure. 

 Of the amount required in excess of the common 

 revenue. Hungary, under the decennial financial 

 arrangement, pays 2 per cent, and 30 per cent, of 

 the remainder, and Austria the remaining 70 per 

 cent. The expenditure for 1894 was fixed at 147,- 

 926,992 florins (1 Austrian florin = 41 cents). The 

 revenue from customs was estimated at 44,370,- 

 000 florins : receipts from the ministries, 2,677,- 

 492 : Hungary's 2 per cent, of the remainder, 

 2,017,566 florins ; Austria's contribution, 69,202.- 

 528 florins ; Hungary's contribution, 29,658,226 

 florins. The expenditures were estimated at 130,- 

 738,027 florins for ordinary and 17,187,965 florins 

 for extraordinary purposes. Of the ordinary ex- 

 penditure, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is deb- 

 ited with 3,690,900 florins, the Ministry of War 

 spends 114,882,703 florins for the army and 10,- 

 012,680 for the navy, and the Ministry of Finance 

 and Board of Control require 2,151,744 florins. 

 Of the extraordinary expenditure, 14,576,565 flor- 

 ins go for military, 2,565,000 for naval, and 46,- 

 400 for diplomatic purposes. The revenue of 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina is estimated at 10,187,- 

 450 florins, and the expense of administration 10,- 

 136,149 florins, not counting 3,610,000 florins of 

 extraordinary expenditure, representing the ex- 

 pense of the military occupation. 



The general debt of the monarchy on July 1, 

 1893. was 2,823,792,000 florins, not including the 

 floating liabilities, amounting to 411,994,377 flor- 

 ins. The debt charge in 1893 amounted to 128,- 

 133,415 florins, of which Austria paid 97,821,879 

 and Hungary 30,311,536 florins. A new gold loan 

 of 40,000,000 florins, which was taken by the 

 Rothschild group in 1893, the equivalent being 

 paid to the Government in gold, was successfully 

 placed on the market in March. 1894. 



Area and Population. The area of the 

 Austro-Hungarian Empire is 240,942 square miles, 

 exclusive of the occupied Turkish provinces. The 

 population at the census of Dec. 31, 1890, accord- 

 ing to the latest corrected figures, was 41.231,342. 

 Austria proper, 115.903 square miles in extent, 

 had 23,895,413 inhabitants, of whom 11,689,129 

 were males and 12,206,284 females. The popu- 

 lation of Hungary, including Transylvania, Cro- 

 atia-Slavonia, and the town of Fiume, was 8,667,- 

 971 males and 8,795,502 females ; total, 17,463,- 

 473 for an area of 125,039 square miles, being 139 

 to the square mile, against 206 in Austria. 



The number of marriages recorded in Austria 

 in 1891 was 186,418: of births, 947,017; of deaths, 

 700,829 ; excess of births, 246,188. In Hungary 

 the number of marriages was 150,720 ; of births, 

 756,204; of deaths, 580,222 ; excess of births, 175,- 

 982. Vienna, the Austrian capital, had 1,364,- 

 548 inhabitants on Dec. 31, 1890. The other 

 cities having over 50,000 inhabitants are Prague, 

 the capital of Bohemia, with 310,483, including 

 suburbs; Trieste, the Adriatic seaport, with 158.- 

 344 ; Lemberg. chief town of Austrian Poland, 

 with 127.943: Gratz, 112.069; Brunn, 94,462 ; Cra- 

 cow. 74.593 ; Czernowitz, 54,171 ; Pilsen, 50,221. 

 Buda-Pesth. capital of Hungary, has 506,384 ; Sze- 

 gedin, 85.569; Theresienstadt, 72,737; Debreczin, 

 56,940; Hod Mezo Vasarhely, 55,475; Presburg, 

 52,411. Fiume, the seaport of Hungary, has 29,- 



000 inhabitants. In 1894 the National Legisla- 

 ture voted to expend 25,000,000 crownors 12,- 

 500,000 florins in building a new quay and im- 

 proving the docks and the railroad and warehouse 

 facilities, and the Government proposes to devote 

 as much more to deepening the harbor. 



The annual increase of the population of Aus- 

 tria for the ten years between 1880 and 1890 was 

 0-76 per cent., while in the lands of the Hunga- 

 rian Crown it averaged 1'09 per cent. The num- 

 ber of emigrants who left Austria-Hungary in 

 1891 was 78,524 against, 74,002 in 1890 and '55,- 

 667 in 1889. The number whose destinat ion was 

 the Argentine Republic fell off from 4,225 in 

 1889 to 1,918 in 1890 and 216 in 1891, while 

 the number departing for North America in- 

 creased from 42,170 in 1889 to 63,119 in 1890, 

 and in 1891 to 70,711, of whom 43,163 were Aus- 

 triaris and 27,548 Hungarians. 



In Austria, 79;2 per cent, of the population are 

 Roman Catholic in religion, 11-8 per cent, Greek 

 Catholic, 2'4 per cent. Greek Oriental, 1/8 per 

 cent. Evangelical, and 4*8 per cent. Jewish. In 

 Hungary, where the Roman Catholic, the Evan- 

 gelical of both the Augsburg and the Helvetian 

 confessions, the Greek Orthodox and Greek Cath- 

 olic, the Gregorian, and the Jewish creeds have 

 an official status, the Roman Catholics constitute 

 50-84 per cent, of the population, the Evangel- 

 icals 19'77 per cent., Oriental Greeks 15'17 per 

 cent., Greek Catholics 9'61 per cent., Unitarians 

 0-36 percent, Jews 4'18 per cent, and others 0-07 

 per cent. 



Education. In Austria, the number of the to- 

 tally illiterate diminished between 1880 and 1890 

 from 9,858,364 to 9.605,337, and in Hungary the 

 number increased from 9,341,355 to 9,465,172 ; 

 the percentage diminished from 59 to 54 in Hun- 

 gary, and that in Austria from 44 to 40 percent, 

 almost exactly the same rate of progress. The 

 school districts are obliged to provide schools, and 

 elementary education is compulsory in both coun- 

 tries from the age of six or seven up to the com- 

 pletion of the twelfth, thirteenth, or fourteenth 

 year, the period varying in different provinces. 

 Gymnasia and Realschulen are maintained by the 

 state or by provinces, towns, or religious corpo- 

 rations, with subventions from the state, and 

 there are 8 universities in Austria, with 1.150 pro- 

 fessors and 13,383 students, and 3 in Hungary, 

 with 296 professors and 4,498 students, all main- 

 tained by the Government, besides 7 technical 

 schools, with 428 professors and 2,502 students. 



The Army. In both halves of the empire 

 military service is obligatory. Those who are 

 conscripted serve three years in the line, seven 

 in the reserve, and two in the Landwehr. Those 

 who escape are attached for ten years to the de- 

 pot reserve or for twelve to the Landwehr in 

 Austria, and in Hungary serve two years in the 

 Honvedseg or national militia, receiving eight 

 weeks' instruction and being called out to drill 

 for several weeks every two years. Young men 

 of education who will pay for their own board 

 and equipment need serve only a year in the 

 active army, but if at its end they are not quali- 

 fied to serve as officers of the reserves they are 

 kept another year. All citizens who do not be- 

 long to the army or navy from their nineteenth 

 to their forty-second year are inscribed in the 

 Landsturm, which can only be called out in time 



