CALIFORNIA. 



89 



was clubbed and stoned by a mob in the street 

 on Sept. 5. The new Government appointed a 

 number of Russophiles to local offices, and made 

 overtures for a reconciliation between Prince 

 Ferdinand and the Czar. Prince Ferdinand was 

 said to have drawn up a memorandum com- 

 plaining of the indignity of his ambiguous posi- 

 tion, which was taken by the Princess Clemen- 

 tine to the Duke of Edinburgh after his accession 

 to the throne of Coburg and sent to the Czar 

 by the hand of the Czarevitch, and it was sup- 

 posed that he was the more willing to remove 

 Stambuloff as an evidence of his good faith. A 

 reply was said to have been given eventually, 

 though it did not come directly from the Czar, 

 which was that the Bulgarian question could 

 only be reconsidered by the Czar after the new 

 election of the Prince by a Sobranje freely 

 chosen by the people, and after the repeal of 

 the new article in the Constitution relating to 

 the religion of the princes of Bulgaria. 



The elections for the new Sobranje took place 

 on Sept. 23. The Government professed to exer- 

 cise no compulsion on the electorate. The mass 

 of the voters, however, were directed, as usual, 

 by the local political leaders. The result was a 

 victory for the Conservative party, represented 

 in the ministry by Stoiloff, Nachevich, and 

 Gueshoff. The Ministerialists elected to the 

 new Chamber numbered 122, of whom 95 were 

 Conservatives and 27 Radicals : while the Oppo- 

 sition factions counted 40 altogether, of whom 

 10 were adherents of Zankoff and his Russophile 

 programme, 27 were Unionists, and 3 were sup- 

 porters of Karaveloff. The Radical members of 

 the Cabinet offered their resignations, but Tont- 

 cheff alone persisted in retiring, whereas Radi- 

 slavoff became a member of the reconstructed 

 ministry, taking the portfolio of Public In- 

 struction, while Pecheff was appointed Minister 

 of Justice, and'Velichkoff became Minister of 

 Public Works. 



C 



CALIFORNIA, a Pacific coast State, ad- 

 mitted to the Union Sept, 9, 1850; area, 158,360 

 square miles. The population, according to each 

 decennial census since admission, was 92,597 in 

 1850 ; 379,994 in 1860 ; 560,247 in 1870 ; 864,694 

 in 1880 ; and 1,208,130 in 1890. Capital, Sacra- 

 mento. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year : Governor, II. II. Mark- 

 ham. Republican ; Lieutenant Governor, John 



B. Reddick; Secretary of State, Edward G. 

 Waite : Treasurer, J. B. McDonald ; Comptrol- 

 ler, Edwin R. Colgan : Attorney-General, Wil- 

 liam H. H. Hart; Adjutant-General, C. C. 

 Allen; Surveyor-General, Theodore Reichert; 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction, James W. 

 Anderson ; Insurance Commissioner, J. N. E. 

 Wilson ; Labor Commissioner, George W. Walts ; 

 Railroad Commissioners, William Beckman, J. 

 M. Litchfield. and James W. Rea; Chief Justice 

 of the Supreme Court, W. H. Beatty ; Associate 

 Justices: T. B. McFarland, A. Van K. Paterson, 



C. H. Garoutte, Ralph C. Harrison, J. J. De 

 Haven, and W. F. Fitzgerald ; Clerk of the Su- 

 preme Court, L. B. Brown. 



Assessments. In August, 1894, the State 

 Board of Equalization fixed the assessed valua- 

 tion of the various counties; San Francisco 

 County's was raised 15 per cent., and Kings 

 County's was lowered 5 per cent., the valuation 

 in theVormer being increased from $326,151.951 

 in 1893 to $371,567,642. The total assessed 

 valuation of all the real and personal property 

 in the State, exclusive of railroad property, is 

 $1,144.728,104 a decrease from last year's valua- 

 tion. In March, 1893, the assessed valuation 

 was as follows : Real and personal property, 

 $1,174,221,643; railroad property, $42,478,640; 

 total value of all property, $1,216,700,283. 



The following valuation was placed upon rail- 

 road property for tax purposes for 1894 : 



California Pacific, $2,000,000; Central Pacific, $13,- 

 000,000; Northern California, $275,000; Northern 

 Railway, $3,100,000; Southern Pacific, $16,000,000; 

 South Pacific Coast, $1,300,000 ; Southern California 



Kailway, $2,950,000 ; Carson and Colorado, $230,000 ; 

 Nevada, California, and Oregon, $110,000; Nevada 

 County Narrow Gaugre, $100,000; North Pacific 

 Coast. $600,000: Pacific Coast, $350,000; Gualala 

 .River, $50,000; California and Nevada. $92,000; Pa- 

 jaro Valley, $150,000; San Francisco and North Pa- 

 cific, $1,935,000 ; San Francisco and San Mateo, $150,- 

 000; Southern California Motor, $72,000; Atlantic 

 and Pacific, $125,000 ; Pullman, first class, one quarter 

 with the Central Pacific and Southern Pacific, $110,- 

 560; Pullman, second class, one quarter with the 

 Central Pacific and Southern Pacific, $31,140 ; total, 

 $42,730,700. Total for 1893, $42,478,640. 



A reassessment for the years 1886 and 1887 

 also was made, which' more than doubled the 

 amount the railroads would otherwise have to 

 pay. Over this reassessment there was con- 

 troversy before the board, it being maintained 

 by the Southern Pacific Company that the as- 

 sessment for 1886 was outlawed. In regard to 

 the taxes for 1887 it was held that, as the legality 

 of that assessment had been decided, but was 

 again being argued on appeal in the Supreme 

 Court, the board had no right to act on it. The 

 railroads acknowledge the legality of the reas- 

 sessment. 



The Railroad Debt. The indebtedness to 

 the United States of the Central Pacific, the 

 Union Pacific, and the Kansas Pacific roads is 

 estimated at over $171,000,000. Congress has 

 not decided what action shall be taken to secure 

 the payment of this amount ; but in June Attor- 

 ney-General Olney filed a claim for $15,000,000 

 against the estate of Leland Stanford as a stock- 

 holder in the Central Pacific, and he will bring 

 suit in the same amount against the Crocker and 

 the Hopkins estates. All bonds of the company 

 mature between Jan. 1, 1895, and Jan. 1, 1899. 



Banks. The aggregate resources of all the 

 commercial, savings, and private banks in the 

 State on Jan. 1, 1894, were as follow: Bank 

 premises, $5.822,984 : real estate taken for debt, 

 $5,108,846; invested in stocks and bonds, $18,- 

 313,089; loans on real estate, $125,065,458; 

 loans on stocks and bonds, $18,975,734; loans 

 on other securities, $6,419,402; loans on per- 



