CALIFORNIA. 



91 



Prosperity. Census bulletins issued in 1894 

 give the true value of real and personal property 

 in California in 1890 as $2,500,000,000 ; the per 

 capita valuation being $2,097, the largest in any 

 of the States. In expenditure for State and 

 local government California stands sixth, the 

 amount being $24.437,780, and tenth in the 

 amount expended for common schools. She 

 leads in the production of beet sugar, wine, rai- 

 sins, honey, olives, almonds, and small nuts ; 

 heads the list of barley producers, with 17,500,- 

 OQO bushels ; is second in wheat, with 40,000,000 

 bushels ; second in bean culture, having 700,000 

 bushels; and third in hops, with 6,500,000 

 pounds; is third in the number of sheep, includ- 

 ing spring lambs, and second in pounds of wool 

 produced, shearing over 30,000,000 pounds. As 

 a gold producer she is first ; first in the produc- 

 tion of quicksilver, of borax, of commercial 

 asbestus, of chrome, and of asphaltum and 

 bituminous rock. She is second in the produc- 

 tion of paving blocks, third in granite for build- 

 ing, and sixth in petroleum. 



Railroad Strikes. Early in July all the 

 railroads in the State became involved in a strike 

 arising from the attempt to boycott the Pullman 

 Company, and all through travel was stopped. 

 Federal * troops and the State militia were 

 moved against the strikers in Sacramento, Oak- 

 land, Los Angeles, San Jose, and San Francisco. 

 On July 4, 800 militiamen of Sacramento, 

 Stockton, and San Francisco regiments, under 

 the command of Gen. T. W. Sheehan, were or- 

 dered to clear the Southern Pacific depot at 

 Sacramento. The militia advanced until they 

 almost touched the compact body of strikers 

 filling the shed, who did not give way. The or- 

 der to " Charge bayonets ! " was given, but the 

 soldiers did not obey it, and Gen. Sheehan, after 

 trying to persuade the strikers to disperse, re- 

 ported to Marshal Baldwin, who insisted that 

 the depot should be cleared. Gen. Sheehan 

 asked for a written order to fire upon the strik- 

 ers; but this the marshal refused to give until 

 after both the Sacramento river and American 

 bridges should be placed under strong military 

 guards. Gen. Sheehan thereupon withdrew the 

 troops from the depot and its vicinity. On July 

 11 a train bearing soldiers left Sacramento 

 for San Francisco ; about 3 miles west of Sacra- 

 mento it was wrecked at a trestle by the spread- 

 ing of the rails, which resulted from'the drawing 

 of the spikes and fish plates. The engineer of 

 the train and 3 soldiers of the Fifth Artillery 

 were killed, and 4 soldiers were dangerously 

 wounded. On July 13 an engine, protected by 

 soldiers who were members of the company 

 to which the soldiers killed on the llth be- 

 longed, ran into the freight yards at Sacramento, 

 which the troops had been ordered to keep clear, 

 where a " dead line " had been established. A 

 group of men found lounging upon one of the 

 platforms jeered at the soldiers, and Capt. 

 Roberts,, stopping the engine, ordered his sol- 

 diers to arrest them. Most of the men began to 

 run, followed by the soldiers with fixed bayonets, 

 but some, with missiles in their hands, con- 

 fronted them. From among the soldiers, who 

 had been ordered not to fire unless attacked, came 

 the order " Give it to them ! " and firing followed, 

 by which one of the fleeing men was killed and 



one wounded. On the 13th, at Oakland, the 

 militia charged with fixed bayonets upon a 

 mob that had stopped and uncoupled a long 

 freight train. The mob dispersed, and a Gat- 

 ling gun was trained upon a house in which 

 strikers had taken refuge. Many strikers were 

 arrested, but no one was found to have been se- 

 riously hurt. On the 13th the first through train 

 from the South in sixteen days reached Fresno. 

 On the 15th trains from the East reached Oak- 

 land, and on the 21st the strike was declared 

 broken, though it was many days before regu- 

 lar travel was resumed. The loss of money re- 

 sulting from the strike was very great, shippers 

 of fruit, especially, suffering heavily. In Sacra- 

 mento, so early as July 7, the strikers issued an 

 appeal for food. 



Products. During the year ending Jan. 1, 

 1894, canned fruits to the amount of 48,576,000 

 pounds were shipped by rail from California. 

 Of hops, 8,410,000 pounds, valued at $1,516,800, 

 were shipped by rail, and 248,962 pounds, valued 

 at $44,817, by sea, the total being 8,658,962 

 pounds, valued at $1,561,617. Of lumber, 217,- 

 148,600 feet of pine and 180,980,700 feet of red- 

 wood were received at San Francisco ; 14,186,- 

 000 feet of redwood, valued at $287,940, were ex- 

 ported. Of quicksilver, 2,241,450 pounds, valued 

 at $1,201,300, were produced. The wool produc- 

 tion was 33,169,375 pounds ; the wool exporta- 

 tion, 22,008,334 pounds, valued at $2,500,000. 

 The treasure received at San Francisco by 

 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express was $23,326,685. 

 Inland shipments from San Francisco were 

 $29,868,388; overland shipments, gold bullion. 

 $67,781 ; coin, $16,466,271 ; total, $16,534,052. 



Political. In the November election James 

 H. Budd, Democratic candidate for Governor, 

 6 out of 7 Republican candidates for Con- 

 gress, and a Republican Legislature, were elect- 

 ed. The Populist vote was nearly double that 

 of 1892. In San Francisco, Adolph Sutro, the 

 builder of the great tunnel beneath the Corn- 

 stock lode in Nevada, who for several years has 

 been opposing the Southern Pacific Railway 

 Company with great vigor, was elected mayor 

 by a larger vote than all his four opponents re- 

 ceived. He was nominated by a municipal 

 Populist convention, was opposed by the rail- 

 way company, the entire local press, and all the 

 reg'ular political organizations, and was support- 

 ed by property owners and the mercantile com- 

 munity. The election of Budd was contested. 



California Midwinter Fair. The first idea 

 of a midwinter fair to be held in California is 

 due to M. H. de Young, second vice-president of 

 the World's Columbian Exposition Commission, 

 who, learning that many of the foreign exhibit- 

 ors in Chicago wished a further opportunity to 

 display their goods in the New World, conceived 

 the idea that such a desire might be taken ad- 

 vantage of for the benefit of his own State. At 

 a banquet of the foreign commissioners he in- 

 vited them to attend a meeting of Californians 

 to be held in the California Club, in Chicago, on 

 May 31, 1893. The proposition, then originally 

 presented, was received with enthusiasm, and 

 prompt co-operation was obtained from the 

 State and city authorities in California. With- 

 in a month an organization was effected, a site 

 chosen, and money subscribed. A commission 



