103 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



were raised for harbor works and other improve- 

 ments built by corporations with ;i Government 

 guarantee. The cost of the breakwater, dry 

 dock, and other harbor works in Table Bay was 

 1,500,000. 



Legislation. The most important legislative 



measure- "f the session were tin- seal) bill and the 



(ilen Grey Ian. I and labor bill. The latter was 



:!,.,! by Mr. Rhodes who as Prime Minister 



the direction <>f native affairs to compel 



KatVirs to labor. Under the system of undivided 



v. it ion-; a Kallir is accustomed to exert him- 



n early manhood to obtain a few head of 

 cattle, which he will exchange for wives enough to 



rni the agricultural labor that supports him 

 in idleness and provides him with tobacco and 

 someiimes with drink. The new act applies to 

 the King'" 1 - f the Glen Grey district of Kaf- 

 f raria, but may be extended at the discretion of the 

 Government toother native districts. The land is 

 divided into allotments of 4 morgen, or about 6 

 j, to which individual titles are given, with 

 right of succession in the male line according to 

 a fixed rule of primogeniture. Alienation of the 

 allotments is controlled by the Government, in 

 r to prevent speculative purchases by Euro- 

 peans, The allotments do not give the holders 

 the right of franchise, as the land of the district 

 still legally remains under communal tenure. 

 They are held under a perpetual qdit-rent of 15s. 



. able-bodied male is subject to a labor tax 

 of IDx. a year unless he works outside the district 

 f .>! at least three months, the proceeds of the tax 

 going to support schools in which industry and 



dture are taught. The allotments being 

 entailed in a single line, the effect of the bill will 

 be to force all Kaffirs who are shut out from the 

 inheritance to work for their living, and perhaps 

 to discourage polygamy and check the rapid in- 

 96 of the Kaffir population. The bill also re- 

 stricts the sale of liquors to the natives by a pro- 

 vision to which the holders of liquor licenses 

 objected, especially after the Parliament struck 

 out the clause granting them compensation. 



lion or theft is punishable by forfeiture; 

 also the sale of liquor. Failure to pay the labor 

 tax subjects the native to imprisonment. The 

 di-trict council, selected by the Governor, can 

 levy a labor tax of 5s., and forbid the sale of 

 liquors in any locality. Mr. Rhodes favored in- 

 dustrial schools because the present schools pro- 

 vide an unsuitable training for natives, turning 

 oat agitators. He defended himself against Sir 

 W. Harcourt's imputation that he was in favor 

 of slavery, but said that the labor question must 

 be dealt with, as raw natives were getting higher 



han Kngli.-h laborers. 



In the elections, which took place in February, 

 (he Opp,, -it ion won only 16 or 17 seats, while the 

 Ministerialists elected 5!) or 00 candidates, in- 

 cluding the Afrikander Bond, which was as 

 strong in the new ( 'hamber as in the last, num- 

 bering about :>0. 



In Cape Colony mo<t of the people classed as 



1 a are descendants of people who came in 

 former centuries from the Spice Islands and 

 have preserved the Mohammedan religion. They 

 are commonly called Malays, though through in- 

 termarriage some can not be distinguished in 

 appearance from Europeans or from negroes. 

 These people are good mechanics and live in the 



towns, many being well to do. Indians have re- 

 cently immigrated from Hindostan, especially to 

 the diamond fields, and these the Cape Parlia- 

 ment is inclined to exclude, as well as Polish 

 Jews and other poor immigrants from Conti- 

 nental Europe, but the Imperial Government 

 objects to any act for the restriction of immigra- 

 tion that is not couched in general terms. 



Pondoland. The native district of Pondo- 

 land, about 4,000 square miles in extent, with a 

 population of about 170,000, has heretofore been 

 administered by a resident commissioner, ap- 

 pointed by the 'Cape Government. An act was 

 passed in 1894 annexing the territory to Cape 

 Colony. This action was hastened by a bloody 

 feud between the followers of the Pondo chiefs 

 Sigcau and Umlangaso, compelling the Natal 

 Government to place a patrol along St. John's 

 river, and to give an asylum to hundreds of 

 fugitive Pondos. Natal desired to annex the 

 country, or a part of it, but the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment held that the Cape Government, which 

 had incurred expenses on account of Pondoland 

 and acquired already the northern part and 

 the port at the mouth of St. John's river, had 

 the better claim, although the trade is mostly 

 done by Natal merchants. Nquiliso, the chief 

 of West Pondoland, demanded as a condition 

 of annexation that persons committing adultery 

 should be killed, the sale of liquors forbidden, and 

 no lawyers permitted to come into the country. 

 He and Sigcau finally ceded their territories, 

 and Umlangaso submitted and was exiled. 



Natal. The Constitution act which went 

 into effect on July 20, 1803, vests the legislative 

 power in a Legislative Council and a Legislative 

 Assembly. The Council consists of 11 members 

 nominated for ten years by the Governor by 

 advice of the ministers. The Legislative As- 

 sembly consists of 37 members chosen for four 

 years by the electors, who are qualified by the 

 possession of real estate valued at 50, or occu- 

 pancy of property renting for 10, or receipt of 

 96 income. The Governor is Sir Walter F. 

 Hely-Hutchinson. The Premier in 1894 was Sir 

 John Robinson. 



Area and Population. The area of the 

 colony is 20,460 square miles. The population 

 in 1891 was 543,913, consisting of 46,788 Euro- 

 peans, 41,142 Indians, and 455,983 Kaffirs. 

 Durban, the capital, had 25,512 inhabitants. 



Finances. The revenue for 1892 was 1,392,- 

 455, and the expenditure 1,280,964. The reve- 

 nue was mainly derived from the following 

 sources : Railways, 665,335 ; customs, 301,180 ; 

 native hut tax", 80,377; post office, 48,465; 

 land sales. 46,498 : excise, 20,306 ; stamps and 

 licenses, 24,011 ; telegraphs, 14,945. The chief 

 items of expenditure were the following : Rail- 

 ways, 489.253 ; public works, 83.977 ; defense, 

 69,688; education, 37,217. The expenditure 

 out of loans was 744,337. The public debt in 

 the beginning of 1893 was 7,170.354. 



Legislation. One of the first acts of the 

 Parliament was to pass a franchise bill that ex- 

 cludes all Asiatics from the franchise by dis- 

 qualifying for the future persons of Asiatic ex- 

 traction from having their names inserted on 

 any electoral roll or from exercising the Parlia- 

 mentary franchise. Those who are already legal 

 voters are excepted. There are now 400 such'bn 





