CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



CASIMIR-PERIER, JEAN. 107 



cases between native and native, in which native 

 law is to be applied as far as possible, the magis- 

 trate may call to his assistance two native as- 

 sessors. 



On April 25 Matabeleland was thrown open 

 to the world under the general land and mining 

 laws, all those who took part in the campaign 

 having secured their promised award of land 

 and gold reef. Each prospector was allowed to 

 peg out 10 claims only, on payment of the 

 license of Is., and, to complete his title, must 

 puff 17s. registration fee and sink a shaft 50 feet 

 deep within four months. The claims, being in 

 the quartz reef, are not workable singly, and 

 when a joint-stock company is formed the South 

 Africa can claim half the stock. The boom in 

 Buluwayo produced a corresponding depression 

 in Salisbury. The Bechuanaland Railroad was 

 completed up to Mafeking before the summer 

 was over. The Beira Railroad from the east 

 coast was not completed through the fly belt 

 nearly as soon as was promised, but before the 

 rainy season interrupted operations 90 miles of 

 rail had been laid, carrying it to the edge of the 

 healthful country and almost to Chimoio. The 

 telegraph was carried up to Buluwayo and be- 

 yond, toward the Zambesi, to form connection 

 later with Nyassaland, and ultimately joining all 

 the lakes, to realize Mr. Rhodes's project of 

 linking Cape Colony with Cairo and the Euro- 

 pean system. 



LonreiKJO Marques. The Portuguese pos- 

 sessions on the eastern side of Africa are divided 

 into the provinces of Mozambique and Lourengo 

 Marques, separated one from the other by the 

 Zambesi river. The commerce of the port of 

 Lourengo Marques in 1892 was 345,852 for im- 

 ports and 50,680 for exports. The boundary 

 between the Portuguese colony and the posses- 

 sions of the British South Africa Company was 

 denned in the Anglo-Portuguese convention of 

 June 11, 1891. A dispute arose in 1894 as to 

 the interpretation of the treaty, each side claim- 

 ing the eastern declivity of the Manica plateau. 

 In June the British and Portuguese governments 

 invited the Italian Senator Vigliani to act as 

 arbitrator in the delimitation. 



Another dispute arose regarding the construc- 

 tion of a telegraph by the British South Africa 

 Company across the Portuguese territory on 

 both banks of the Zambesi, over which the con- 

 vention conceded to the English a free right of 

 way. The Portuguese officials declared that 

 they were ready to erect a telegraph to connect 

 the sections of the projected transcontinental 

 line, but denied the right of the British to set 

 up poles and wires on their territory, especially 

 on an island in the Zambesi at Tete. The Brit- 

 ish, paying no attention to the injunction of the 

 Portuguese officers or to warning cannon shots 

 from the fort, set the poles and wires in place, 

 whereupon a force of Portuguese soldiers landed 

 and uprooted them. The British gunboat " Mos- 

 quito " arrived on the scene, and a force of sol- 

 diers landed, but no actual collision occurred. 



In August a feud between the Kaffir chiefs 

 Moveja and Mahazula developed into a danger- 

 ous rebellion. The Government landed a force 

 from a gunboat at Lourenco Marques and at- 

 tempted to punish the unruly natives. On Sept. 

 24 the Kaffirs attacked the outposts and drove 



them into the town, where there were only 120 

 white and 200 black soldiers to meet the expected 

 attack of 7,000 Kaffirs under Mahazula. Lou- 

 rengo Marques was barricaded, and in a few 

 weeks the Governor-General was able to defend 

 the town with 800 whites and 6,000 Maputas and 

 other native auxiliaries, but in the interior stores 

 were abandoned and looted, and the war spirit 

 spread among the natives. 



CASIM1R PER1ER, JEAN, President of 

 the French Republic, born in Paris, Nov. 8, 

 1847. He is a grandson of the Casimir Perier 

 who applied the policy of the juste milieu under 

 Louis Philippe, and the eldest son of the stanch 

 Republican who was Minister of the Interior un- 

 der Thiers and refused that office when it was of- 

 fered to him by MacMahon. In 1874 both father 

 and son were authorized to assume the Christian 

 name of their illustrious progenitor as a part of 

 their patronymic. 1 ' Young Casimir-Perier, after 

 studying history and the humanities, joined the 

 garde mobile at the beginning of the Franco- 

 Prussian War, was called from the Aube to Paris, 

 and for his conduct during the siege was men- 

 tioned in the order of the day and decorated 

 with the Legion of Honor. In 1871-'72 he was 

 chief of cabinet in the Ministry of the Interior, 

 and in 1876, having previously succeeded his 

 father as a member of the Council-General of 

 the Aube Department, he was elected to the 

 Chamber of Deputies. He voted constantly 

 with the majority formed by the Left Center 

 and the Republican Left, and on May 16, 1877, 

 was one of the 363 who passed a vote of censure 

 against the Broglie ministry. The election that 

 followed the dissolution he won over his Bona- 

 partist competitor by a majority of nearly 2 to 

 1 ; and when a Republican Cabinet was formed, 

 on Dec. 14, 1877, he was called to the post of 

 Under Secretary of S,tate in the Department of 

 Public Instruction, Worship, and Fine Arts, in 

 which M. Burdeau was minister. There he re- 

 mained till the retirement of the Dufaure minis- 

 try, at the end of January, 1879. After that he 

 sat and voted with the Republican Left. 



He was re-elected, Aug. 21, 1881, in the Arron- 

 dissement Nogent-sur-Seine, by 6,756 votes to 

 1,954 cast for the candidate of the Extreme 

 Left, and joined the Republican Union. On 

 the introduction of the law excluding from pub- 

 lic office members of families that had reigned 

 in France he resigned his seat, Feb. 1, 1883, 

 being unable to reconcile family duty with Re- 

 publican sentiments. After some hesitation he 

 accepted another nomination, and was elected 

 on March 18. On Oct. 17, 1883, he was ap- 

 pointed Under Secretary in the Ministry of War, 

 where he remained till Gen. Campenon resigned 

 as minister on Jan. 3, 1885. He was placed on 

 the list of Opportunist candidates for the De- 

 partment of the Aube in the elections of Oct. 4, 

 and stood first among the four elected in the 

 ballotage on Oct. 18. In the general elections of 

 Sept. 22, 1889, which were conducted by scrutin 

 tfarrondissement, Casimir-Perier was elected over 

 a Radical in Nogent-sur-Seine, and was chosen 

 Vice-President of the Chamber, and, in 1890, 

 chairman of the budget committee. He became 

 President of the Chamber, and on Nov. 14, 1893, 

 was re-elected to that post. 



On Nov. 14, after the fall of the Dupuy minis- 



