184 



CONGRESS. (THE TARIFF BILL.) 



own people, year by year, into the pockets of 

 foreigners. 



" It is useless to talk about the negotiation of 

 the treaty for Pearl Island Harbor or any other 

 harbor. That harbor belongs to us. It has 

 been held by one of the ablest lawyers who ever 

 s;it. in this body that the treaty by which the 

 Hawaiian Islands ceded Pearl Island Harbor in- 

 vested a fee-simple title in this Government. 

 Hut even if it did not, we can get the whole 

 islands, if we want them, by simply saying that 

 we are ready to take them. Why give $5,000,000 

 year after year to these people, when the islands 

 are willing to come to us and we are not willing 

 to receive them ? 



" I hope this provision of the bill will be 

 stricken out. It should not be in it. It raises 

 the price of sugar to our own consumers in this 

 country, and gives the Hawaiian producers the 

 benefit of $5,000,000 of bounty. I want to vote 

 for the amendment to strike that provision out 

 of this bill." 



On the same day an amendment offered by 

 Mr. Manderson, of Nebraska, continuing the 

 sugar bounty provided for in the act of Oct. 1, 

 1890, was defeated by the following vote: 



YEAS Aldrich, Allison, Carey, Chandler, Davis, 

 Dixon, Dolph, Dubois, Frye, Gallinger, Hale, Hans- 

 brough, Hawley, Higgins, Hoar, Jones of Nevada, 

 Kyle, Lodge, McMillan, Manderson, Mitchell of Ore- 

 gon, Patton, Peffer, Perkins, Pettigrew, Platt, Power, 

 Quay, Sherman, Shoup, Squire, Teller, Washburn 33. 



NAYS Allen, Bate, Blackburn, Blanchard, Brice, 

 Caffery, Camden, Cockrell, Coke, Faulkner, George, 

 Gibson, Gorman, Harris, Hill, Hunton, Irby, Jar vis, 

 Jones of Arkansas, Lindsay, McLaurin, Mills, Mitch- 

 ell of Wisconsin, Morgan, Murphy, Palmer, Pasco, 

 Pugh, Ransom, Roach, Smith, Turoie, Vest, Vilas, 

 Voorhees, Walsh, White -37. 



NOT VOTING Berry, Butler, Call, Cameron, Cul- 

 lom, Daniel, Gordon, Gray, McPherson, Martin, Mor- 

 rill, Proctor, Stewart, Wilson, Wolcott 15. 



Mr. Peffer, of Kansas, proposed an amend- 

 ment making sugar free of duty, which was de- 

 feated by the following vote : 



YEAS Aldrich, Allen, Allison, Carey, Chandler, 

 Cullom, Davis, Dixon, Dolph, Dubois, Gallinger, 

 Hale, Hansbrough, Hawley, Higgins, Hill, Hoar, 

 Irby, Jones of Nevada, Kyle, Lodge, McMillan, 

 Mitchell of Oregon, Patton, Peffer, Pettigrew, Platt, 

 Power, Proctor, Shoup, Squire, Teller, Washburn 



NAYS Bate. Blackburn, Blanchard, Caffery, Call, 

 Camden, Cockrell, Coke, Daniel, Faulkner, George, 

 Gibson, Gordon, Gorman, Gray. Harris, Hunton, Jar- 

 vis, Jones of Arkansas, Lindsay, McLaurin, Mander- 

 son, Martin, Mitchell of Wisconsin, Morgan, Murphy, 

 Palmer, Perkins, Pugh, Quay, Ransom, Roach, Smith 

 Turpie, Vest, Vilas, Voorhees, Walsh, White 39. 



Nor VOTING Berry, Brice, Butler, Cameron, Frye, 

 McPherson, Mills, Morrill, Pasco, Sherman, Stewart, 

 Wilson, Wolcott 13. 



On July 3, 1894, the bill passed the Senate by 

 the following vote : 



V HAS Allen, Bate, Berry, Blackburn, Blanchard 

 Caffery, Call, Cockrell, Coke, Daniel, Faulkner 



(ioortrc, Gibson. Gorman, Grav, Harris, Hunton, Irby 

 Jarvis, Jones of Arkansas, Kyle, Lindsay, McLaurin,' 

 Martin, Mills, Mitchell of Wisconsin, Morgan, Mur- 

 phy, Palmer, Pasco, Ransom, Roach, Smith, Turpie 

 Vest, Vilas, Voorhees, Walsh, White 39. 



NAYS Aldrich, Allison, Carey, Chandler, Cullom, 

 Davis, Dixon, Dolph, Dubois, Frye, Gallinger, Hale, 



Hansbrough, Hawley, Higgins, Hill, Jones of Nevada 

 Lodge, McMillan, Manderson. Mitchell of Oregon 

 Patton, Peffer, Perkins, Platt, Power, Proctor, Quay 

 Sherman, Shoup, Squire, Stewart, Teller, Washburr 

 34. 



NOT VOTING Brice, Butler, Camden, Cameron, 

 Gordon, Hoar, McPherson, Morrill, Pettigrew, P " 

 Wilson, Wolcott 12. 



On July 7, 1894, Mr. Wilson, chairman of 

 Committee on Ways and Means, reported to 

 House of Representatives the tariff bill with 

 Senate amendments, and moved that the House 

 nonconcur. He said : 



"Now, Mr. Speaker, the bill that went from 

 this House, whatever may have been the impe 

 fectipns of its details, was based upon two cie 

 and intelligent principles. 



" It was based first upon the principle that, in 

 gathering revenue taxes under a tariff, those 

 taxes should be levied and gathered from fin- 

 ished products, and not upon what are called 

 raw materials. Taxes upon raw materials are 

 taxes upon the occupation of the working peo- 

 ple of the country ; and no country which does 

 not allow its working people free, untaxed ac- 

 cess to the materials of industry can fully sup- 

 ply its own market or hope to contend for the 

 markets of other countries in the world. 



" And so, sir, the bill that passed through the 

 House was based upon that great fundamental 

 Democratic idea that we should gather whatever 

 revenue we need under a tariff system from a 

 revenue tax upon the finished product, and not 

 from successive taxes, rolled up and repeated at 

 every stage in the process of manufacture, upon 

 the materials that workingmen have to use in 

 the employment of their labor. The bill that 

 came back to us from the Senate does not recog- 

 nize that principle. It has transferred to the 

 tax list quite a number of materials of industry 

 which this House desired and desires to give 

 free and untaxed to the working people of this 

 country. Of all the chief free materials pro- 

 vided in the House bill, only wool and lumber 

 come back to us undisturbed by the Senate bill. 

 " There was another important and equally 

 Democratic principle in the House bill, and that 

 was that there can be no just or equal system of 

 taxation except a system based upon the value 

 of the thing taxed! There is no open, public, 

 and just system of taxation except that which 

 is levied upon a'unit of value, not that which is 

 levied upon a unit of weight, measure, or time. 

 Therefore the House bill in the main sought 

 through all of its schedules to introduce and to 

 extend, as far as it could, the ad valorem system 

 of taxation, instead of a specific or a compound 

 system. 



"There is not a State in this country that 

 would dare to impose specific taxes on acres of 

 land or on the dwellings of the people, by which 

 a worthless acre would pay as much taxes as tin- 

 richest in the State, and by which the humblest 

 cottage would pay the same rate of taxation as 

 the most luxurious mansion in the State; and 

 yet specific taxes work out their results in ex- 

 actly that method wherever they are put into 

 our tariff system, always increasing the burden 

 where it ought to be diminished in justice and 

 equality, and diminishing the burden where it 

 ought to be increased in justice and equality. 



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