re left in abeyance. The company, which was 

 nder contract to pay to the Government of 



un 

 Zai 



to raise taxes, offered to relinquish all its admin- 

 istrative rights if it were compensated at the 

 rate of 10-s. 6d. in the pound, or 52 per cent, on 

 its expenditure. 



The Mohammedans were driven out of Uganda 

 and out of Toru by the British forces under 

 Capt. Macdonald, the temporary administrator, 

 and the Protestant party, the Catholics remain- 

 ing neutral. The Mohammedans had formerly 

 been masters of the country, but in preference 

 to starving in the great forest they were glad 

 to give up their arms and accept a small and 

 marshy district. It was not large enough to 

 support them, and the Protestants harassed them 

 until in the spring of 1894 they rose in rebel- 

 lion. The rising was easily subdued. The Prot- 

 estants captured 1,500 women and children, and 

 after 'the fighting was over the Mohammedans 

 were distributed as peasants among the Protes- 

 tant and Roman Catholic chiefs. 



War against Kabarega. Capt. Lugard, in 

 1891, established a line of forts through Unyoro, 

 in which the greater part of the troublesome 

 Soudanese were quartered and kept busy driv- 

 ing the Wanyoro out of the country west of 

 Uganda, crowding them back to their old coun- 

 try on the north. Kasagama, son of the old 

 King of Toru, was made chief of that country, 

 which lies along the northeastern slope of Mount 

 Ruwenzori. In the other Wahuma districts, ly- 

 ing toward the Semliki river, native chiefs were 

 set up, and were safe from the vengeance of their 

 former masters. In September, 1893, Major Owen 

 withdrew 4,000 Nubians from Toru into Uganda, 

 and stationed them on the borders of Kabarega's 

 country. They had acted in a more cruel and 

 oppressive manner than the Wanyoro. Chica- 

 culi, the most important of Kabarega's vassals, 

 would not permit his people to supply food to 

 the' forts that had been built across' Unyoro. 

 Conciliatory messages were of no avail,' and 

 Major E. R. Owen, on Nov. 28, set out with 200 

 Nubians to punish him. He attacked 1,000 Ban- 

 yoro in the long grass, and they fled after fight- 

 ing three hours, leaving 50 corpses, and probably 

 carrying away many more, while on the British 

 side only one man was killed. War was then de- 



EAST AFRICA. 



247 



Freeland. A co-operative association, organ- 

 ized on the socialistic principles enunciated by 



Zanzibar 80,000 a year, but which had no power Dr. Theodor Hertzka, obtained permission from 

 *,, i-Moo favac nffWori t^ voiir,r,i,i'cV, oil ito u^min. the British East Africa Company to found a 



colony in its territory. They expected to find a 

 suitable spot in the highlands east of Mount 

 Kenia and north of the Tana river. The pio- 

 neers of the colony sailed from Hamburg at the 

 end of February. 1894. They established sta- 

 tions at Kipini and on the Tana river, and se- 

 lected land in the Kenia district, which they 

 began to cultivate, but a number became dis- 

 couraged, and before the operations of hus- 

 bandry were begun the association dissolved, 

 and most of its members returned to Europe. 



Nyassaland. The districts in the neighbor- 

 hood of Lake Nyassa where British missionaries 

 and the African Lakes Company had been active 

 for over fifteen years were declared to be within 

 the British sphere of influence in 1889, and on 

 May 14, 1891, were proclaimed a British protec- 

 torate, together with the rest of the region north 

 of the Zambezi secured to Great Britain by the 

 Anglo-Portuguese agreement, under the name 

 r of British Central Africa. Nyassaland, in the 

 Shire highlands and on the 'border of Lake 

 Nyassa, is the only part of this region that has 

 been brought under British rule. The head of 

 the administration is an imperial commissioner. 

 H. H. Johnston has held this office from the 

 beginning. There is a military force of 300 

 Sikhs and 400 black police recruited in Mozam- 

 bique. The British Government has supplied 

 artillery, including mountain guns. A naval 

 force of 5 gunboats is maintained on the lake 

 and the rivers Shire and Zambezi. The imports 

 in 1892 were valued at 42,000, and exports at 

 37,000. 



The Yaos of Lake Nyassa have been at war 

 with the British since their arrival in the coun- 

 try, and have been always active slave raiders 

 and associates of Arab slave dealers. The chief 

 Makanjira had conquered the Nyassa people at 

 the southeastern end of the lake before the 

 Scotch missionaries established themselves in 

 the Shire highlands. In 1890-'91 he raided the 

 southwest shore to punish the people for making 

 friends with the English. Commissioner John- 

 ston bombarded and destroyed his towns and 

 sank his dhows, but he afterward beat the Eng- 



clared, Dec. 13, 1893, against Kabarega as the lish, killed their commander, Capt. Maguire, 



inQtl rrnf rT r-f r^Vii^amili'c' V/^of ilif IT A -f/-nv-i r\f anrl rinnnnovorJ fVo ridnincnl a r\f T?i~Fn r\n tVm rTi_ 



instigator of Chicaculi's hostility. A force of 

 400 well-drilled Nubian soldiers and 15,000 

 Waganda natives was organized and marched 

 against the headquarters of Kabarega, on the 

 shore of Albert Nyanza, under the command of 

 Col. Colvile, at the end of December, 1893. Kaba- 

 rega deserted his capital. Mpala, at the approach 

 of this formidable army, and after five petty skir- 

 mishes, in which the deadly fire of the two Maxim 

 guns put the enemy to hasty flight, Kabarega 

 and a few of his 'faithful 'adherents escaped 

 across the Victoria Nyanza. A station was es- 

 tablished at Kiboro, on the shore of Albert Ny- 

 anza, and a line of forts was erected from that 

 point to the Kafur river, the former boundary of 

 Uganda. Major Owens, with a detachment of 

 200 men and a Maxim, marched to Magungo, at 



and conquered the peninsula of Rifu, on te op- 

 posite shore, deposed his relative Kasembe, who 

 was the ally of the English, and set up in his 

 place a woman named Kuluunda. The British 

 forces were several times hard pressed, and were 

 not able to take the offensive till re-enforcements 

 of Sikhs came in the autumn of 1893. The old 

 Makanjira was dead, but a new one ruled in his 

 stead. In October operations were begun against 

 Makanjira and the other hostile chiefs. First the 

 village of Mkanda was bombarded and burned 

 and several other villages destroyed. On Nov. 

 7 the chief Kiwauri's town, Kisamba, was bom- 

 barded and set on fire, and he and 100 of his men 

 were killed, and 176 captured women handed 

 over to relatives whom they found among the 

 auxiliaries. Rifu was conquered, the woman 



the north end of the lake, and thence along the chief taken prisoner, and Kasembe restored 



bank of the Nile to Wadelai, where he hoisted 

 the British flag, on Feb. 4, 1894. 



The expedition, which was accompanied by the 

 Arab chief Jumbe and a large force of auxil- 



