252 EDUCATION, U. S. BUREAU OF. 



EGYPT. 



are males (or 31'7 per cent.) and 26,725 (or 68-3 

 per cent.) are females. In private normal 

 schools 50*3 per cent, of the students are males, 

 but only about one seventh of the whole number 

 of normal students are found in private schools. 

 In 17 States, in 1892-93, 3,655,217 white and 

 1,373,149 colored pupils were enrolled in the pub- 

 lic schools, with 83,791 white and 25,774 colored 

 teachers. The longest school term is that of 

 New Jersey (190 days), while that of North Caro- 

 lina is the shortest (62*4 days). New York is the 

 most populous State in the Union, but Penn- 

 sylvania has the largest school population 

 l',529,000. 



In the commissioner's annual statement for 

 1894 are given the common-school statistics for 

 1892-'93, subject to correction, showing 13,442,- 

 008 pupils enrolled; an average daily attendance 

 of 8,782,544; 380,618 teachers employed, of which 

 121,717 were males and 258,901 females > and a 

 total expenditure for school purposes of $163,- 

 359,016. The average number of days the schools 

 were kept was 136'4. 



The following is a list of educational institu- 

 tions in the United States in 1892-93 : 



* Number of buildings. 



Education in Alaska was placed under the di- 

 rection of the Secretary of the Interior by act of 

 May 17, 1884, the first appropriation for the pur- 

 pose being $25,000. In 1890, 1891, and 1892 the 

 amount devoted to this purpose was $50,000, re- 

 duced in 1893 to $40,000. and in 1894 to $30,000. 

 The appropriation for 1894-'9o is a like amount. 

 Through the Commissioner of Education 15 pub- 

 lic schools are carried on, which have an enroll- 

 ment of 77 pupils in 1894, with 16 teachers. Fif- 

 teen contract schools, belonging to missionaries 

 of the Episcopal, Independent, Moravian, Pres- 

 byterian, Methodist, Catholic, Congregational, 

 and Swedish Evangelical denominations, are sub- 

 sidized by the Government. The General Agent 

 of Education in Alaska is the Rev. Sheldon Jack- 

 son, D. D., who in 181)1 proposed the introduc- 

 tion of reindeer from Siberia into Alaska, both 

 as an immediate means of relief to a people fam- 

 ishing by reason of the destruction of their food 

 (the whale and the walrus) by whalers, and also 

 as a remunerative industry for the future. In 

 that year over $2,000 was contributed by private 



subscription to making the experiment, declared 

 impossible by persons supposed to be well in- 

 formed, and 20 reindeer were purchased and suc- 

 cessfully transported. In 1892 171 more were 

 added, and in 1893 a colony of 17 Lapps was in- 

 duced to migrate hither to instruct the Eskimos 

 in the methods of herding and driving the deer. 

 In 1893 127 additional reindeer were purchased 

 in connection with the industrial schools, mak- 

 ing a total, in September, 1893, of 347. In all 

 since 1884, $325,000 have been expended by the 

 Government on education in Alaska. 



EGYPT, a principality in northern Africa, 

 tributary to Turkey. The Government is an 

 almost absolute monarchy, in which the succes- 

 sion is from father to son, in the dynasty founded 

 by Mehemet Ali in 1811. The ruling prince is 

 called the Khedive or Viceroy. By the firman 

 of June 8, 1873, the Khedive has the right to 

 conclude commercial treaties and to maintain a 

 standing army. The reigning Khedive is Abbas 

 II, born July 14, 1874, who succeeded his father, 

 Mohammed Tewfik, Jan. 7, 1892. The admini 

 tration is conducted by a ministry subject to t 

 ruling of the Khedive. Since the interventi 

 of the British to restore the authority of the 

 Khedive in 1882 the country has been occupied 

 by a British army, and since January, 1883, the 

 Khedive appoints an English financial adviser, 

 who has a seat in the Council of Ministe 

 Without his advice no financial decision can 

 made. Cases between natives and foreigners 

 adjudicated by mixed tribunals under a treat 

 which the powers in 1894 renewed for five yea 

 from Feb. 1 without modification, except that land 

 questions between natives, over which the tribu 

 nals have asserted jurisdiction, are hereafter to 

 decided by native courts. The Council of Mini 

 ters in the beginning of 1894 was composed _ 

 follows : President of the Council and Minister 

 of the Interior, Riaz Pasha ; Minister of Finance, 

 Boutros Pasha Ghali ; Minister of Public Works 

 and Education, Mohammed Zeki Pasha ; Minis- 

 ter of Justice, Mazlum Pasha : Minister of W 

 and Marine, Yussef Chuhdy Pasha : Minister o 

 Foreign Affairs, Tigrane Pasha. The British 

 agent and consul-general, Lord Cromer, is the 

 British Minister Plenipotentiary to the Khedive's 

 Government. The British financial adviser 

 Sir Elwin Palmer. The High Commissioner o 

 the Sublime Porte is Mukhtar Pasha. A Legis- 

 lative Council, half elective, suggests legislation 

 and discusses the budget. A General Assembly, 

 consisting of the ministers, the members of the 

 Legislative Council, and 46 notables elected for 

 six years, is summoned biennially to discuss new 

 taxation. 



Area and Population. The area of Egypt 

 proper, which extends up the Nile to Wady 

 Haifa, is 400,000 square miles. The cultivated 

 portion is the delta and the narrow valley of the 

 Nile, having an area of only 12.976 square miles. 

 The total population in 1882 was 6,817,265, of 

 whom 3,401,498 were males and 3,415,767 were 

 females. The cities having over 100.000 inhab- 

 itants are the capital, Cairo, with 368,108. and 

 the seaport of Alexandria, with 208,755. Mo- 

 hammedanism is the religion of the people, ex- 

 cepting the Coptic Christians, numbering in 1882 

 about 600,000. The present population of Egypt 

 is estimated to be nearly 9,000,000. 



